Environmental and Intestinal Phylum Firmicutes Bacteria Metabolize the Plant Sugar Sulfoquinovose via a 6-Deoxy-6-sulfofructose Transaldolase Pathway

Bacterial degradation of the sugar sulfoquinovose (SQ, 6-deoxy-6-sulfoglucose) produced by plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, is an important component of the biogeochemical carbon and sulfur cycles. Here, we reveal a third biochemical pathway for primary SQ degradation in an aerobic Bacillus aryabha...

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Published in:iScience 2020-09, Vol.23 (9), p.101510-101510, Article 101510
Main Authors: Frommeyer, Benjamin, Fiedler, Alexander W., Oehler, Sebastian R., Hanson, Buck T., Loy, Alexander, Franchini, Paolo, Spiteller, Dieter, Schleheck, David
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Microbial Metabolism
Microbiology
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Summary:Bacterial degradation of the sugar sulfoquinovose (SQ, 6-deoxy-6-sulfoglucose) produced by plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, is an important component of the biogeochemical carbon and sulfur cycles. Here, we reveal a third biochemical pathway for primary SQ degradation in an aerobic Bacillus aryabhattai strain. An isomerase converts SQ to 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose (SF). A novel transaldolase enzyme cleaves the SF to 3-sulfolactaldehyde (SLA), while the non-sulfonated C3-(glycerone)-moiety is transferred to an acceptor molecule, glyceraldehyde phosphate (GAP), yielding fructose-6-phosphate (F6P). Intestinal anaerobic bacteria such as Enterococcus gilvus, Clostridium symbiosum, and Eubacterium rectale strains also express transaldolase pathway gene clusters during fermentative growth with SQ. The now three known biochemical strategies for SQ catabolism reflect adaptations to the aerobic or anaerobic lifestyle of the different bacteria. The occurrence of these pathways in intestinal (family) Enterobacteriaceae and (phylum) Firmicutes strains further highlights a potential importance of metabolism of green-diet SQ by gut microbial communities to, ultimately, hydrogen sulfide. [Display omitted] •First known SQ-degradation pathway in phylum Firmicutes (Gram-positive) bacteria•New enzyme, sulfofructose:D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glyceronetransferase•SQ fermentation pathway in human gut Enterococcus, Clostridium, and Eubacterium strains•Novel degradation route for green-diet SQ to H2S by intestinal microbial communities Microbiology; Microbial Metabolism
ISSN:2589-0042
2589-0042
DOI:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101510