Challenges for reducing carbon emissions from Land-Use and Land Cover Change in Brazil

• Published in: Perspectives in ecology and conservation 2024-07, Vol.22 (3), p.213-218
• Main Authors: Dutra, Débora Joana, Silveira, Marcus Vinicius Freitas, Mataveli, Guilherme, Ferro, Poliana Domingos, Magalhães, Deila da Silva, de Medeiros, Thaís Pereira, Anderson, Liana Oighenstein, Aragão, Luiz Eduardo Oliveira e Cruz de
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Carbon emissions; Deforestation; Ecosystem services; Environmental compensation; Forest restoration; Paris Agreement; Secondary forests; Sustainable Development Goals
• ISSN: 2530-0644; 2530-0644
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2024.04.004

[Display omitted] •Brazil reached 2.8 Mha of native vegetation removal in 2022, the highest rate since 2008.•15.8 Mha of Legal Reserve areas need restoration in Brazil’s private rural properties, over half in the Amazon.•5.46 Mha of forest regrowth occurred in Brazil from 2016 to 2022, 40% in the Amazon and 36% in the Atlantic Forest biome.•Secondary forests in Brazil lack proper legislation to safeguard their carbon mitigation potential in the long-term.•Incentives to environmental payment, law enforcement, and legal framework needed for Brazil's 78 Mha surplus vegetation. Brazil, a crucial player in global climate change mitigation, faces challenges in reducing its carbon emissions, of which nearly half are from land use changes. Despite potential reductions that can be achieved through halting deforestation and fostering forest restoration, setbacks in environmental governance have heightened emissions. This article assesses challenges and proposes solutions for conserving and restoring Brazilian biomes in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement by 2030. Notably, net carbon emissions from land-use change and forestry increased twofold from 2017 to 2022 due to deforestation in the Amazon and Cerrado. Native vegetation clearing peaked at 2.8 Mha in 2022, the largest area since 2008. The deficit of native vegetation within Legal Reserves and Permanent Protection Areas must be addressed through restoration. Achieving SDGs by 2030 demands urgent action against illegal deforestation, reinforced legislation for secondary forest protection, large-scale restoration programs, and economic incentives for forest conservation through payment for ecosystem services to rural landowners.