Clinical, Serological, and Molecular Observations from a Case Series Study during the Asian Lineage Zika Virus Outbreak in Grenada during 2016

This paper describes the spatial and temporal distribution of cases, demographic characteristics of patients, and clinical manifestations of Zika virus (ZIKV) during the 2016 outbreak in Grenada. The first reported case was recorded in St. Andrew Parish in April, and the last reported case was seen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology 2018-01, Vol.2018 (2018), p.1-9
Main Authors: Parameswaran, Nishanth, Yearwood, Katherine, Mapp-Alexander, Veronica, Mitchell, George, LaBeaud, A. Desiree, Macpherson, Calum N. L., Venkateswaran, Kodumudi, Venkateswaran, Neeraja, Nelson, William M., Myers, Todd E., Bidaisee, Satesh, Fields, Paul J., Noël, Trevor P., Brenciaglia, Marco, Bahadoor, Avi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biotechnology
Congenital diseases
Control programs
Demographics
Dengue fever
Encephalitis
Epidemiology
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Health aspects
Infection
Infections
Infectious diseases
Islands
Laboratories
Lymphadenopathy
Medicine
Microcephaly
Morbidity
Mosquitoes
Outbreaks
Patients
Pregnancy
Public health
Statistical analysis
Systematic review
Temporal distribution
Tropical diseases
Urine
Vector-borne diseases
Vectors (Biology)
Viruses
Zika virus
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Summary:This paper describes the spatial and temporal distribution of cases, demographic characteristics of patients, and clinical manifestations of Zika virus (ZIKV) during the 2016 outbreak in Grenada. The first reported case was recorded in St. Andrew Parish in April, and the last reported case was seen in November, with peak transmission occurring in the last week of June, based on test results. Data were collected from a total of 514 patients, of whom 207 (40%) tested positive for ZIKV. No evidence was found that testing positive for ZIKV infection was related to age, gender, or pregnancy status. Clinical presentation with rash (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.5 to 3.7) or with lymphadenopathy (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0 to 2.9) were the only reported symptoms consistent with testing positive for ZIKV infection. During the Zika outbreak, the infection rate was 20 clinical cases per 10,000 in the population compared to 41 cases per 10,000 during the chikungunya outbreak in Grenada in 2014 and 17 cases per 10,000 during the dengue outbreak in 2001-2002. Even though the country has employed vector control programs, with no apparent decrease in infection rates, it appears that new abatement approaches are needed to minimize morbidity in future arbovirus outbreaks.
ISSN:1712-9532
1918-1493
DOI:10.1155/2018/4635647