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Stress and Anxiety among High School Adolescents: Correlations between Physiological and Psychological Indicators in a Longitudinal Follow-Up Study
Mental and psychological disorders are serious health problems worldwide. Anxiety among high school students can affect school performance, relationships, and family life. Objective: Our aim is to understand the anxiety levels and associated factors among high school students and compare the results...
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Published in: | Children (Basel) 2023-09, Vol.10 (9), p.1548 |
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description | Mental and psychological disorders are serious health problems worldwide. Anxiety among high school students can affect school performance, relationships, and family life. Objective: Our aim is to understand the anxiety levels and associated factors among high school students and compare the results of psychological tests measuring anxiety with the cortisol levels obtained from biological sampling. Method: In our longitudinal follow-up study, we involved 125 individuals in May 2019. Validated measurement tools were used during questionnaire data collection, including the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Clear Communication Scale, Multiple Social Perceived Support Scale, and related HBSC questions. As objective data, we collected hair samples for cortisol level measurement. Results: At the end of the school year, the anxiety levels measured by psychological tests were significantly higher (p = 0.001) compared to the anxiety levels at the beginning of the next school year. Anxiety levels were higher among girls and were influenced by the type of school and parental expectations. Both state anxiety and trait anxiety showed a strong correlation with psychosomatic symptoms (p < 0.001) and anxiety arising from school expectations (p < 0.05). The changes in cortisol levels did not follow the changes in psychological tests. Cortisol level increased (p = 0.01) in the second sample. |
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Anxiety among high school students can affect school performance, relationships, and family life. Objective: Our aim is to understand the anxiety levels and associated factors among high school students and compare the results of psychological tests measuring anxiety with the cortisol levels obtained from biological sampling. Method: In our longitudinal follow-up study, we involved 125 individuals in May 2019. Validated measurement tools were used during questionnaire data collection, including the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Clear Communication Scale, Multiple Social Perceived Support Scale, and related HBSC questions. As objective data, we collected hair samples for cortisol level measurement. Results: At the end of the school year, the anxiety levels measured by psychological tests were significantly higher (p = 0.001) compared to the anxiety levels at the beginning of the next school year. Anxiety levels were higher among girls and were influenced by the type of school and parental expectations. Both state anxiety and trait anxiety showed a strong correlation with psychosomatic symptoms (p < 0.001) and anxiety arising from school expectations (p < 0.05). The changes in cortisol levels did not follow the changes in psychological tests. Cortisol level increased (p = 0.01) in the second sample.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2227-9067</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2227-9067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/children10091548</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>adolescent ; Anxiety ; Catecholamines ; Child & adolescent mental health ; Corticosteroids ; cortisol ; Eating disorders ; Families & family life ; Free radicals ; Hair ; High school students ; High schools ; Hormones ; Laboratories ; Metabolism ; Methods ; Obesity ; Physiological aspects ; Physiology ; Psychological tests ; school ; School environment ; Secondary schools ; Stress ; Students ; Surveys ; Teenagers ; Urine ; Young adults ; Youth</subject><ispartof>Children (Basel), 2023-09, Vol.10 (9), p.1548</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Anxiety among high school students can affect school performance, relationships, and family life. Objective: Our aim is to understand the anxiety levels and associated factors among high school students and compare the results of psychological tests measuring anxiety with the cortisol levels obtained from biological sampling. Method: In our longitudinal follow-up study, we involved 125 individuals in May 2019. Validated measurement tools were used during questionnaire data collection, including the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Clear Communication Scale, Multiple Social Perceived Support Scale, and related HBSC questions. As objective data, we collected hair samples for cortisol level measurement. Results: At the end of the school year, the anxiety levels measured by psychological tests were significantly higher (p = 0.001) compared to the anxiety levels at the beginning of the next school year. Anxiety levels were higher among girls and were influenced by the type of school and parental expectations. Both state anxiety and trait anxiety showed a strong correlation with psychosomatic symptoms (p < 0.001) and anxiety arising from school expectations (p < 0.05). The changes in cortisol levels did not follow the changes in psychological tests. Cortisol level increased (p = 0.01) in the second sample.</description><subject>adolescent</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Catecholamines</subject><subject>Child & adolescent mental health</subject><subject>Corticosteroids</subject><subject>cortisol</subject><subject>Eating disorders</subject><subject>Families & family life</subject><subject>Free radicals</subject><subject>Hair</subject><subject>High school students</subject><subject>High schools</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Psychological tests</subject><subject>school</subject><subject>School environment</subject><subject>Secondary schools</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Students</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>Teenagers</subject><subject>Urine</subject><subject>Young adults</subject><subject>Youth</subject><issn>2227-9067</issn><issn>2227-9067</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>COVID</sourceid><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpdksFu3CAQhq2qlRqlufeI1EsvbgdsY-ilWq2aZqWVGmmbM8KAbVYsbMHbxM_RFy67m1ZJTjP65-cbGKYo3mP4VFUcPqvROh2NxwAcNzV7VVwQQtqSA21fP8nfFlcpbQEAV6QhrL0o_mymaFJC0mu08A_WTDOSu-AHdGOHEW3UGIJDCx2cScr4KX1ByxCjcXKywSfUmeneGI9uxznZ4MJglXQn2m2a8-F_ysrrHKcQE7IeSbTOLex00Nbn4nVwLtyXd3u0ydL8rnjTS5fM1WO8LO6uv_1c3pTrH99Xy8W6VDWnU0lq1Xa61xWrWmg71jaKcIUVyXlDqOoMI9LQumoINK2UXSspJZQqZijRSleXxerM1UFuxT7anYyzCNKKkxDiIGScrHJGYKYkl12HKUDdcWBdw3APDYaa9KrimfX1zNofup3Rx1FF6Z5Bn1e8HcUQfgsMDeGM4Uz4-EiI4dfBpEnsbB65c9KbcEgifxfgGjhU2frhhXUbDjFP8uiinLAa6BPXIPMLrO9DbqyOULFo6clG6uyCs0vFkFI0_f87YxDH5RIvl6v6C1a6xXc</recordid><startdate>20230901</startdate><enddate>20230901</enddate><creator>Stromájer, Gábor Pál</creator><creator>Csima, Melinda</creator><creator>Iváncsik, Réka</creator><creator>Varga, Bernadett</creator><creator>Takács, Krisztina</creator><creator>Stromájer-Rácz, Tímea</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3860-1420</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1990-5905</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8361-6385</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6771-2107</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230901</creationdate><title>Stress and Anxiety among High School Adolescents: Correlations between Physiological and Psychological Indicators in a Longitudinal Follow-Up Study</title><author>Stromájer, Gábor Pál ; 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Anxiety among high school students can affect school performance, relationships, and family life. Objective: Our aim is to understand the anxiety levels and associated factors among high school students and compare the results of psychological tests measuring anxiety with the cortisol levels obtained from biological sampling. Method: In our longitudinal follow-up study, we involved 125 individuals in May 2019. Validated measurement tools were used during questionnaire data collection, including the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Clear Communication Scale, Multiple Social Perceived Support Scale, and related HBSC questions. As objective data, we collected hair samples for cortisol level measurement. Results: At the end of the school year, the anxiety levels measured by psychological tests were significantly higher (p = 0.001) compared to the anxiety levels at the beginning of the next school year. Anxiety levels were higher among girls and were influenced by the type of school and parental expectations. Both state anxiety and trait anxiety showed a strong correlation with psychosomatic symptoms (p < 0.001) and anxiety arising from school expectations (p < 0.05). The changes in cortisol levels did not follow the changes in psychological tests. Cortisol level increased (p = 0.01) in the second sample.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/children10091548</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3860-1420</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1990-5905</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8361-6385</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6771-2107</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | adolescent Anxiety Catecholamines Child & adolescent mental health Corticosteroids cortisol Eating disorders Families & family life Free radicals Hair High school students High schools Hormones Laboratories Metabolism Methods Obesity Physiological aspects Physiology Psychological tests school School environment Secondary schools Stress Students Surveys Teenagers Urine Young adults Youth |
title | Stress and Anxiety among High School Adolescents: Correlations between Physiological and Psychological Indicators in a Longitudinal Follow-Up Study |
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