Modeling Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Using Time-Dependent Finite Element Method

A time-dependent electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) model is presented using the finite element method (FEM) to simulate a 2D interdigitated electrode in an aqueous NaCl electrolyte. Developed in COMSOL Multiphysics, the model incorporates ion transport, electric field distribution, Stern...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2024-11, Vol.24 (22), p.7264
Main Authors: Abbas, Yawar, van Smeden, Laura, Verschueren, Alwin R M, Zevenbergen, Marcel A G, Oudenhoven, Jos F M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Approximation
Behavior
Boundary conditions
Comparative analysis
COMSOL model
Electric fields
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Electrodes
Electrolytes
Finite element analysis
Finite element method
Fuel cells
Methods
Sensors
Simulation methods
simulations
Spectrum analysis
time-dependent analysis
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Summary:A time-dependent electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) model is presented using the finite element method (FEM) to simulate a 2D interdigitated electrode in an aqueous NaCl electrolyte. Developed in COMSOL Multiphysics, the model incorporates ion transport, electric field distribution, Stern layer effects, and electrode sheet resistance, governed by the Poisson and Nernst-Planck equations. This model can predict the transient current response to an applied excitation voltage, which gives information about the dynamics of the electrochemical system. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data, reproducing key features of the measurements. The transient current response indicates the need for multiple excitation cycles to stabilize the impedance measurement. At low frequencies (100 kHz), the voltage drop due to sheet resistance dominates. Moreover, the amplitude of the excitation voltage influences the EIS measurement, higher amplitudes (above 0.1 V) lead to non-linear impedance behavior, particularly at low ion concentrations. Discrepancies at low frequencies suggest that Faradaic processes may need to be incorporated for improved accuracy. Overall, this model provides quantitative insights for optimizing EIS sensor design and highlights critical factors for high-frequency and low-concentration conditions, laying the foundation for future biosensing applications with functionalized electrodes.
ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s24227264