A Glider-Compatible Optical Sensor for the Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment

This study presents the \emph{MiniFluo-UV}, an ocean glider-compatible fluorescence sensor that targets the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the marine environment. Two MiniFluos can be installed on a glider, each equipped with two optical channels (one PAH is measured per cha...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in Marine Science 2019-03, Vol.6
Main Authors: Cyr, Frédéric, Tedetti, Marc, Besson, Florent, Bhairy, Nagib, Goutx, Madeleine
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aromatic compounds
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Autonomous underwater vehicles
Calibration
Coasts
Crude oil
Deployment
Detection
Earth Sciences
Environmental Engineering
Environmental Sciences
Exploitation
Fisheries
Fluorene
Fluorescence
Gas chromatography
glider
Harbors
hydrocarbons
Industrial areas
International standards
Laboratories
Laboratory tests
Marine environment
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
MiniFluo-UV
Naphthalene
Oceanography
Offshore
Oil spills
PAH
Phenanthrene
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Pyrene
Satellite communications
Sciences of the Universe
SeaExplorer
Sensors
Surface water
Tests
Underwater gliders
Water analysis
Water sampling
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Summary:This study presents the \emph{MiniFluo-UV}, an ocean glider-compatible fluorescence sensor that targets the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the marine environment. Two MiniFluos can be installed on a glider, each equipped with two optical channels (one PAH is measured per channel). This setup allows the measurement of up to 4 different fluorescent PAHs: Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Fluorene and Pyrene. Laboratory tests on oil products (Maya crude oil and Diesel fuel) as well as on marine samples near industrial areas (urban harbor and offshore installations) revealed that the concentration of the four PAHs targeted accounted for 62-97\% of the total PAH concentration found in samples ($\sum$16 PAHs determined by standard international protocols). Laboratory tests also revealed that for marine applications, the calibration on Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) of crude oil is more appropriate than the one on pure standards (STD). This is because PAH fluorescence is constituted in large part of alkylated compounds that are not considered with STD calibration. Results from three glider deployments with increasing levels of complexity (a laboratory trial, a field mission in non-autonomous mode and a fully autonomous mission) are also presented. During field deployments, the MiniFluo-glider package was able to detect concentration gradients from offshore marine waters towards the head of a Mediterranean harbor ($\rm
ISSN:2296-7745
2296-7745
DOI:10.3389/fmars.2019.00110