A network analysis exploration of PTSD, depression, somatic complaints, and anxiety disorders in a Colombian sample of victims of the Armed conflict

• Published in: Journal of affective disorders reports 2024-04, Vol.16, p.100756, Article 100756
• Main Authors: Mejía, Nicolás García, Lommen, Miriam J.J., Ernst, Anja F., Castro-Camacho, Leonidas
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Comorbidity; Network analysis; Posttraumatic stress; Transdiagnostic; Trauma; War
• ISSN: 2666-9153; 2666-9153
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100756

•We aimed to identify how symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and somatic complaints related to each other in a sample of victims of armed conflict in Colombia.•We found that for this population feeling hopeless and depressed, feeling nervous, and traumatic memories were the most important symptoms in a comorbidity network.•Our results suggest that victims of armed conflict experience PTSD not only with anxiety features but also depression-related features that might be tied to negative emotions such as anger, shame, and guilt. This pathway to depression might be of special interest for practitioners that work with this population. Several studies have explored posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its comorbidities focusing on shared processes among diagnoses or association between disorder dimensions. Nevertheless, these studies consider disorders as categorical entities ignoring the heterogeneity of said psychopathology. Our study aims to identify how symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and somatic complaints relate at the symptoms level in victims of armed conflict in Colombia. Cross-sectional data from 258 participants from a Colombian randomized controlled trial was used to estimate a network at the scale level and a second network at the item level. The expected influence centrality, bridge centrality, accuracy, and stability were calculated. At the scale level reexperiencing, anxiety, and numbing were the most central nodes; the most central bridge nodes at this level were numbing, PHQ9 cognitive-affective dimension, and PHQ anxiety. At the symptom level, nervous/anxious, depressed/hopeless, troubles concentrating, trauma memories, fear/anger/guilt, and experiencing little pleasure were the most central nodes. Additionally, the most central bridge nodes at this level were nervous/anxious, fear/anger/guilt, experiencing no positive feelings, and feeling depressed and hopeless. Cross-sectional data provides valuable but limited information of transdiagnostic processes. Furthermore, our sample size limited our ability to estimate a full symptom network. Our dataset did not include psychological processes measurements. Different paths connect PTSD to anxiety, depression, and somatic complaints. Results suggest that victims of armed conflict experience PTSD not only with anxiety features but also depression-related features that might be tied to negative emotions such as anger, shame, and guilt.