Topological Relationships Cytoskeleton-Membrane Nanosurface-Morphology as a Basic Mechanism of Total Disorders of RBC Structures

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2022-02, Vol.23 (4), p.2045
• Main Authors: Kozlova, Elena, Sergunova, Viktoria, Sherstyukova, Ekaterina, Gudkova, Olga, Kozlov, Aleksandr, Inozemtsev, Vladimir, Lyapunova, Snezhanna, Chernysh, Aleksandr
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Anticoagulants; Atomic force microscopes; Atomic force microscopy; Biophysics; Blood; Cell Membrane - ultrastructure; Cell morphology; Cells, Cultured; Crystal defects; Cytology; Cytoskeleton; Cytoskeleton - ultrastructure; Erythrocytes; Erythrocytes - drug effects; Erythrocytes - pathology; Erythrocytes - radiation effects; Female; Hemin; Hemin - toxicity; Hemoglobin; Humans; Hydrochloric acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Influence; Light - adverse effects; Male; Membrane fusion; membrane nanosurface; Membranes; Middle Aged; Morphology; Oxidants - toxicity; Oxidation; Pores; red blood cells; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; structure disorder; Topology; Ultraviolet radiation
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042045

The state of red blood cells (RBCs) and their functional possibilities depend on the structural organization of the membranes. Cell morphology and membrane nanostructure are compositionally and functionally related to the cytoskeleton network. In this work, the influence of agents (hemin, endogenous oxidation during storage of packed RBCs, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, temperature, and potential of hydrogen (pH) changes) on the relationships between cytoskeleton destruction, membrane nanostructure, and RBC morphology was observed by atomic force microscope. It was shown that the influence of factors of a physical and biochemical nature causes structural rearrangements in RBCs at all levels of organization, forming a unified mechanism of disturbances in relationships "cytoskeleton-membrane nanosurface-cell morphology". Filament ruptures and, consequently, large cytoskeleton pores appeared. The pores caused membrane topological defects in the form of separate grain domains. Increasing loading doses led to an increase in the number of large cytoskeleton pores and defects and their fusion at the membrane nanosurfaces. This caused the changes in RBC morphology. Our results can be used in molecular cell biology, membrane biophysics, and in fundamental and practical medicine.