Unveiling the multifaceted role of toll-like receptors in immunity of aquatic animals: pioneering strategies for disease management

The pattern recognition receptor (PRR), which drives innate immunity, shields the host against invasive pathogens. Fish and other aquatic species with poorly developed adaptive immunity mostly rely on their innate immunity, regulated by PRRs such as inherited-encoded toll-like receptors (TLRs). The...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2024-10, Vol.15, p.1378111
Main Authors: Ghani, Muhammad Usman, Chen, Junfan, Khosravi, Zahra, Wu, Qishu, Liu, Yujie, Zhou, Jingjie, Zhong, Liping, Cui, Hongjuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Aquaculture
Aquatic Organisms - immunology
Disease Management
Disease Resistance - immunology
Fish Diseases - immunology
Fishes - immunology
Immunity, Innate
Immunology
innate immunity
PAMPS
PPR
Signal Transduction - immunology
signaling pathways
toll-like receptors
Toll-Like Receptors - immunology
Toll-Like Receptors - metabolism
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Summary:The pattern recognition receptor (PRR), which drives innate immunity, shields the host against invasive pathogens. Fish and other aquatic species with poorly developed adaptive immunity mostly rely on their innate immunity, regulated by PRRs such as inherited-encoded toll-like receptors (TLRs). The discovery of 21 unique TLR variations in various aquatic animals over the past several years has sparked interest in using TLRs to improve aquatic animal's immune response and disease resistance. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the latest investigations on the various characteristics of TLRs in aquatic animals. It emphasizes their categorization, insights into 3D architecture, ligand recognition, signaling pathways, TLRs mediated immune responses under biotic and abiotic stressors, and expression variations during several developmental stages. It also highlights the differences among aquatic animals' TLRs and their mammal counterparts, which signifies the unique roles that TLRs play in aquatic animal's immune systems. This article summarizes current aquaculture research to enhance our understanding of fish immune systems for effective aquaculture -related disease management.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378111