Research progress of tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion

• Published in: Cancer medicine (Malden, MA) MA), 2023-01, Vol.12 (2), p.983-994
• Main Authors: Zhang, Sijia, Chen, Leichong, Zong, Yan, Li, Qianwen, Zhu, Kuikui, Li, Zhenyu, Meng, Rui
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acids; Antigens; Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Cancer therapies; Cell activation; Cell-Derived Microparticles - pathology; Chemotherapy; Clinical trials; Colorectal cancer; Cytoskeleton; Drug delivery; Drug delivery systems; Drug resistance; Extracellular vesicles; Extracellular Vesicles - pathology; Fibroblasts; Gene expression; Homing behavior; Humans; Immunogenicity; immunotherapy; Lipids; lung cancer; Lung Neoplasms - pathology; Lysosomes; malignant pleural effusion (MPE); microparticle; Microparticles; Patients; Pleural effusion; Pleural Effusion, Malignant - pathology; Prostate; Proteins; Review; REVIEWS; Stem cells; Tumors
• ISSN: 2045-7634; 2045-7634
• DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5005

Vesicles, also known as “microparticles”, are vesicle‐like structures that are released outside the cell in a “sprouting” manner when the cytoskeleton is changed during cell activation or apoptosis, with a diameter of about 100–1000 nm, and are carriers of material information exchange between cells. Tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles can effectively deliver drugs to the nucleus of tumor stem cells, thus effectively killing them without toxic side effects. The underlying mechanism involves the soft nature of tumor stem cells that allows better uptake of vesicles, and the entry of drug‐carrying vesicles into lysosomes and facilitation of lysosomal movement toward the nucleus to deliver drugs to the nucleus. Drug‐loaded vesicles have unique advantages, such as low immunogenicity, homing targeting ability, and the ability to break through the physiological barrier to tumor therapy. Tumor‐derived drug‐delivery vesicles have entered clinical trials for the treatment of malignant pleural effusions. In this review, we summarized the progress of basic and clinical research on tumor cell‐derived drug‐loaded vesicles for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion in recent years. Extracellular vesicles, also known as "microparticles", are vesicle‐like structures that are released outside the cell in a "sprouting" manner when the cytoskeleton is changed during cell activation or apoptosis, with a diameter of about 100‐1000 nm, and are carriers of material information exchange between cells. Their physicochemical properties make them a promising nanomedicine for drug transport and release in cancer therapy, especially in the treatment of malignant pleural effusions (MPE). In this review, we summarized the progress of basic and clinical research on tumor cell‐derived drug‐loaded vesicles for the treatment of MPE in recent years and discuss the challenges and future directions.