XLNet-Based Prediction Model for CVSS Metric Values

• Published in: Applied sciences 2022-09, Vol.12 (18), p.8983
• Main Authors: Shi, Fan, Kai, Shaofeng, Zheng, Jinghua, Zhong, Yao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Confidentiality; CVSS; cybersecurity; Exploitation; fine-tuning; Language; machine learning; Metric system; pre-trained model; Prediction models; Security; Semantics; Software development; vulnerability assessment
• ISSN: 2076-3417; 2076-3417
• DOI: 10.3390/app12188983

A plethora of software vulnerabilities are exposed daily, posing a severe threat to the Internet. It is almost impossible for security experts or software developers to deal with all vulnerabilities. Therefore, it is imperative to rapidly assess the severity of the vulnerability to be able to select which one should be given preferential attention. CVSS is now the industry’s de facto evaluation standard, which is calculated with a quantitative formula to measure the severity of a vulnerability. The CVSS formula consists of several metrics related to the vulnerability’s features. Security experts need to determine the values of each metric, which is tedious and time-consuming, therefore hindering the efficiency of severity assessment. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a method based on a pre-trained model for the prediction of CVSS metric values. More specifically, this method utilizes the XLNet model that is fine-tuned with a self-built corpus to predict the metric values from the vulnerability description text, thus reducing the burden of the assessment procedure. To verify the performance of our method, we compare the XLNet model with other pre-trained models and conventional machine learning techniques. The experimental results show that the method outperforms these models on evaluation metrics, reaching state-of-the-art performance levels.