Flammability of Thick but Thermally Thin Materials including Bio-Based Materials

The fire reaction of various types of flammable lightweight materials is investigated using a cone calorimeter. The influences of parameters such as sample density, sample mass, effective heat of combustion and heat flux on the mass loss after exposition are discussed. Interpretations of the hemp fi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-07, Vol.28 (13), p.5175
Main Authors: Sonnier, Rodolphe, Dumazert, Loïc, Regazzi, Arnaud, Deborde, Lily, Lanos, Christophe
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
bio-resources
Biological materials
Combustion
Conduction heating
Conductive heat transfer
cone calorimeter
Cone calorimeters
Databases, Factual
Engineering Sciences
Fibers
fire behavior
Fireproofing agents
Fires
Flame Retardants
Flammability
Heat
Heat conductivity
Heat flux
Heat of combustion
Heat release rate
Heat transfer
Hemp
hemp fibers
Hot Temperature
insulating materials
Insulation
Lignocellulose
Materials
Sheep
Textiles
thermally thin materials
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Summary:The fire reaction of various types of flammable lightweight materials is investigated using a cone calorimeter. The influences of parameters such as sample density, sample mass, effective heat of combustion and heat flux on the mass loss after exposition are discussed. Interpretations of the hemp fibers' tests results lead us to propose a phenomenological model able to calculate the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) of such thermally thin materials, with or without flame retardant. A database gathering the whole results of tests performed on a large set of materials including fibers, bio-resources panels, bio-based concretes and fabrics is used to validate the proposed model. Interestingly, the model is found to be relevant also for denser wood specimens. The model is based on the distinction of the contributions of the exposed top layer and the deeper layer to the combustion. Indeed, in such materials, the heat conduction is limited (either by the intrinsic properties of the material or by the formation of an insulating char) and therefore the pHRR only depends on a limited volume of materials directly absorbing the heat flux from the radiant cone. Accuracy and limitations of the model are discussed.
ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules28135175