Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profile Analysis of the Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Gene Family in Hevea brasiliensis

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2024-05, Vol.25 (9), p.5052
• Main Authors: Liu, Hui, He, Qiguang, Hu, Yiyu, Lu, Ruilin, Wu, Shuang, Feng, Chengtian, Yuan, Kun, Wang, Zhenhui
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: abiotic stress; Amino acids; Binding sites; Biosynthesis; biotic stress; Chromosomes; Flowers & plants; Gene expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genome, Plant; Genomes; Hevea - enzymology; Hevea - genetics; Hevea - metabolism; hormone; Multigene Family; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL); Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - genetics; Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase - metabolism; phenylpropanoid metabolism; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; Plant Diseases - genetics; Plant Diseases - microbiology; Plant Proteins - genetics; Plant Proteins - metabolism; Promoter Regions, Genetic - genetics; Proteins; Rubber; rubber tree; Stress, Physiological - genetics; Trees
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095052

The majority of the world's natural rubber comes from the rubber tree ( ). As a key enzyme for synthesizing phenylpropanoid compounds, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) has a critical role in plant satisfactory growth and environmental adaptation. To clarify the characteristics of rubber tree PAL family genes, a genome-wide characterization of rubber tree was conducted in this study. Eight genes ( - ), which spread over chromosomes 3, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, and 18, were found to be present in the genome of . Phylogenetic analysis classified HbPALs into groups I and II, and the group I HbPALs (HbPAL1-HbPAL6) displayed similar conserved motif compositions and gene architectures. Tissue expression patterns of quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) proved that distinct exhibited varying tissue expression patterns. The promoters contained a plethora of -acting elements that responded to hormones and stress, and the qPCR analysis demonstrated that abiotic stressors like cold, drought, salt, and H O -induced oxidative stress, as well as hormones like salicylic acid, abscisic acid, ethylene, and methyl jasmonate, controlled the expression of . The majority of were also regulated by powdery mildew, anthracnose, and leaf fall disease infection. In addition, , , and were significantly up-regulated in the bark of tapping panel dryness rubber trees relative to that of healthy trees. Our results provide a thorough comprehension of the characteristics of genes and set the groundwork for further investigation of the biological functions of in rubber trees.