Impact of Relaxation Time on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Characterization of the Most Common Lithium Battery Technologies—Experimental Study and Chemistry-Neutral Modeling

In electrified vehicle applications, understanding the battery characteristics is of great importance as it is the state-of-art principal energy source. The key battery parameters can be identified by one of the robust and nondestructive characterization techniques, such as electrochemical impedance...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:World electric vehicle journal 2021-06, Vol.12 (2), p.77
Main Authors: Hosen, Md Sazzad, Gopalakrishnan, Rahul, Kalogiannis, Theodoros, Jaguemont, Joris, Van Mierlo, Joeri, Berecibar, Maitane
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Charge transfer
chemistry-neutral modeling
EIS study
Electrochemical analysis
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Electrochemistry
Electrodes
Electrolytes
Empirical analysis
Energy sources
Energy storage
Equilibrium
Graphite
Impedance
impedance growth
Impedance measurement
Lithium
Lithium batteries
Lithium ions
Nondestructive testing
Nonlinear dynamics
Parameter identification
relaxation behavior
Relaxation time
Research methodology
Spectroscopy
State of charge
Time measurement
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Summary:In electrified vehicle applications, understanding the battery characteristics is of great importance as it is the state-of-art principal energy source. The key battery parameters can be identified by one of the robust and nondestructive characterization techniques, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). However, relaxing the battery cell before performing the EIS method is crucial for the characterization results to be standardized. In this study, the three most common and commercially available lithium-ion technologies (NMC/graphite, LFP/graphite, NCA/LTO) are investigated at 15–45 °C temperature, in the range of 20–80% state of charge (SoC) and in fresh and aged state of health (SoH) conditions. The analysis shows that the duration of the relaxation time before impedance measurement has an impact on the battery’s nonlinear behavior. A rest time of 2 h can be proposed, irrespective of battery health condition, considering neutral technology-based impedance measurement. An impedance growth in ohmic and charge transfer characteristics was found, due to aging, and the effect of rest periods was also analyzed from an electrochemical standpoint. This experimental data was fitted to develop an empirical model, which can predict the nonlinear dynamics of lithium technologies with a 4–8% relative error for longer rest time.
ISSN:2032-6653
2032-6653
DOI:10.3390/wevj12020077