Applications and clinical trial landscape using Toll-like receptor agonists to reduce the toll of cancer

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, may be viable treatment targets. TLRs are the first line of defense against microbes and activate signaling cascades that induce immune and inflammatory responses. Patients with “hot” versus “cold” tumors may r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:NPJ precision oncology 2023-03, Vol.7 (1), p.26-26, Article 26
Main Authors: Rolfo, Christian, Giovannetti, Elisa, Martinez, Pablo, McCue, Shannon, Naing, Aung
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
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692/4028
Antiviral drugs
Cancer
Cancer Research
Clinical trials
Gene Therapy
Human Genetics
Immunotherapy
Internal Medicine
Medical research
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Oncology
Review
Review Article
Targeted cancer therapy
Topical medication
Tumors
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Summary:Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, may be viable treatment targets. TLRs are the first line of defense against microbes and activate signaling cascades that induce immune and inflammatory responses. Patients with “hot” versus “cold” tumors may respond more favorably to immune checkpoint inhibition, and through their downstream effects, TLR agonists have the potential to convert “cold tumors” into “hot tumors” making TLRs in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, potential targets for cancer therapies. Imiquimod is a topical TLR7 agonist, approved by the FDA for antiviral and skin cancer treatments. Other TLR adjuvants are used in several vaccines including Nu Thrax, Heplisav, T-VEC, and Cervarix. Many TLR agonists are currently in development as both monotherapy and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we describe the TLR agonists that are being evaluated clinically as new therapies for solid tumors.
ISSN:2397-768X
2397-768X
DOI:10.1038/s41698-023-00364-1