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TIM‐3 as a potential exhaustion marker in CD4+ T cells of COVID‐19 patients
Background COVID‐19 causes a range of clinical symptoms from mild to critical and can be life‐threatening. Up to now, it has led to many deaths. We aimed to evaluate exhausted markers on CD4+ T cells of COVID‐19 patients. Methods In this study, we evaluated 44 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 diseas...
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| Published in: | Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Inflammation and Disease, 2021-12, Vol.9 (4), p.1707-1715 |
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| container_end_page | 1715 |
| container_issue | 4 |
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| container_title | Immunity, Inflammation and Disease |
| container_volume | 9 |
| creator | Modabber, Zahra Shahbazi, Mehdi Akbari, Roghayeh Bagherzadeh, Mojgan Firouzjahi, Alireza Mohammadnia‐Afrouzi, Mousa |
| description | Background
COVID‐19 causes a range of clinical symptoms from mild to critical and can be life‐threatening. Up to now, it has led to many deaths. We aimed to evaluate exhausted markers on CD4+ T cells of COVID‐19 patients.
Methods
In this study, we evaluated 44 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 disease and 16 healthy individuals. Patients were divided into moderate/severe and critical groups. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and stained by anti‐human CD39, PD‐1, TIM‐3, and anti‐human CD4. The percentage of each CD4+ subpopulation was calculated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we collected clinical information and laboratory data of both control and patient groups.
Results
We detected overexpression of TIM‐3 on CD4+ T cells in both critical and moderate/severe patients than in healthy individuals (HIs; p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/iid3.526 |
| format | article |
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COVID‐19 causes a range of clinical symptoms from mild to critical and can be life‐threatening. Up to now, it has led to many deaths. We aimed to evaluate exhausted markers on CD4+ T cells of COVID‐19 patients.
Methods
In this study, we evaluated 44 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 disease and 16 healthy individuals. Patients were divided into moderate/severe and critical groups. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and stained by anti‐human CD39, PD‐1, TIM‐3, and anti‐human CD4. The percentage of each CD4+ subpopulation was calculated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we collected clinical information and laboratory data of both control and patient groups.
Results
We detected overexpression of TIM‐3 on CD4+ T cells in both critical and moderate/severe patients than in healthy individuals (HIs; p < .01 and p < .0001, respectively). CD4+ TIM‐3+ CD39+ lymphocytes were significantly higher in the critical patients than in HI (p < .05). Both Patient groups showed lymphopenia in comparison with HI, but CD4+ lymphocytes did not show any significant difference between study subjects. The increased amount of C‐reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and neutrophil count was observed in patients compared to HI.
Conclusion
T cell exhaustion occurs during COVID‐19 disease and TIM‐3 is the most important exhausted marker on CD4+ T cells.
T cell exhaustion occurs during COVID‐19 disease and TIM‐3 is the most important exhausted marker on CD4+ T cells.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2050-4527</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2050-4527</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/iid3.526</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34499819</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>CD39 ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; exhausted Cell ; Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2 ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Lymphocytes ; Original ; PD‐1 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; TIM‐3 ; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</subject><ispartof>Immunity, Inflammation and Disease, 2021-12, Vol.9 (4), p.1707-1715</ispartof><rights>2021 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2021 The Authors. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5606-d6b4b03fe78f5bb91c27237ef7d8cf9c73368d226c4c601bcc03e510106b49473</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5606-d6b4b03fe78f5bb91c27237ef7d8cf9c73368d226c4c601bcc03e510106b49473</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2083-7425</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2596641765/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2571487273?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,11562,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,38516,43895,44590,46052,46476,53791,53793,74412,75126</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2571487273?pq-origsite=primo$$EView_record_in_ProQuest$$FView_record_in_$$GProQuest</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34499819$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Modabber, Zahra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shahbazi, Mehdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akbari, Roghayeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bagherzadeh, Mojgan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Firouzjahi, Alireza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohammadnia‐Afrouzi, Mousa</creatorcontrib><title>TIM‐3 as a potential exhaustion marker in CD4+ T cells of COVID‐19 patients</title><title>Immunity, Inflammation and Disease</title><addtitle>Immun Inflamm Dis</addtitle><description>Background
COVID‐19 causes a range of clinical symptoms from mild to critical and can be life‐threatening. Up to now, it has led to many deaths. We aimed to evaluate exhausted markers on CD4+ T cells of COVID‐19 patients.
Methods
In this study, we evaluated 44 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 disease and 16 healthy individuals. Patients were divided into moderate/severe and critical groups. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and stained by anti‐human CD39, PD‐1, TIM‐3, and anti‐human CD4. The percentage of each CD4+ subpopulation was calculated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we collected clinical information and laboratory data of both control and patient groups.
Results
We detected overexpression of TIM‐3 on CD4+ T cells in both critical and moderate/severe patients than in healthy individuals (HIs; p < .01 and p < .0001, respectively). CD4+ TIM‐3+ CD39+ lymphocytes were significantly higher in the critical patients than in HI (p < .05). Both Patient groups showed lymphopenia in comparison with HI, but CD4+ lymphocytes did not show any significant difference between study subjects. The increased amount of C‐reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and neutrophil count was observed in patients compared to HI.
Conclusion
T cell exhaustion occurs during COVID‐19 disease and TIM‐3 is the most important exhausted marker on CD4+ T cells.
T cell exhaustion occurs during COVID‐19 disease and TIM‐3 is the most important exhausted marker on CD4+ T cells.</description><subject>CD39</subject><subject>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>exhausted Cell</subject><subject>Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Leukocytes, Mononuclear</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>PD‐1</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>TIM‐3</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</subject><issn>2050-4527</issn><issn>2050-4527</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>COVID</sourceid><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kt1qFDEUxwdRbKkFn0AC3giyNd8fN4Ls-jFQ2ZvV25Bkkjbr7GRNZqq98xF8Rp_EbLcuraBXGTK_88s5h3_TPEXwDEGIX8XYkTOG-YPmGEMGZ5Rh8fDO91FzWsoaQoggEQTKx80RoVQpidRxs1y1H3_9-EmAKcCAbRr9MEbTA__90kxljGkAG5O_-AziAOYL-hKsgPN9X0AKYL783C5qNVJga8ZYS8uT5lEwffGnt-dJ8-nd29X8w-x8-b6dvzmfOcYhn3XcUgtJ8EIGZq1CDgtMhA-iky4oJwjhssOYO-o4RNY5SDxDdYRaqKggJ02793bJrPU2x9rltU4m6puLlC-0yWN0vdckCII6wa00koYQLLLcBOYhlD4QG6rr9d61nezGd67OkU1_T3r_zxAv9UW60pJJRW6aeXEryOnr5MuoN7HstmQGn6aiMRNIYQUZrejzv9B1mvJQV1UpxTlFgrP_UwJRKXDd0OFZl1Mp2YdDywjqXTT0Lhq6RqOiz-6OeAD_BKECsz3wLfb--p8i3bYLshP-BqrqwEI</recordid><startdate>202112</startdate><enddate>202112</enddate><creator>Modabber, Zahra</creator><creator>Shahbazi, Mehdi</creator><creator>Akbari, Roghayeh</creator><creator>Bagherzadeh, Mojgan</creator><creator>Firouzjahi, Alireza</creator><creator>Mohammadnia‐Afrouzi, Mousa</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>John Wiley and Sons Inc</general><general>Wiley</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2083-7425</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202112</creationdate><title>TIM‐3 as a potential exhaustion marker in CD4+ T cells of COVID‐19 patients</title><author>Modabber, Zahra ; Shahbazi, Mehdi ; Akbari, Roghayeh ; Bagherzadeh, Mojgan ; Firouzjahi, Alireza ; Mohammadnia‐Afrouzi, Mousa</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5606-d6b4b03fe78f5bb91c27237ef7d8cf9c73368d226c4c601bcc03e510106b49473</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>CD39</topic><topic>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>exhausted Cell</topic><topic>Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Leukocytes, Mononuclear</topic><topic>Lymphocytes</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>PD‐1</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>TIM‐3</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Modabber, Zahra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shahbazi, Mehdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akbari, Roghayeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bagherzadeh, Mojgan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Firouzjahi, Alireza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohammadnia‐Afrouzi, Mousa</creatorcontrib><collection>Open Access: Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Journals</collection><collection>Wiley Online Library Free Content</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Open Access: DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Immunity, Inflammation and Disease</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Modabber, Zahra</au><au>Shahbazi, Mehdi</au><au>Akbari, Roghayeh</au><au>Bagherzadeh, Mojgan</au><au>Firouzjahi, Alireza</au><au>Mohammadnia‐Afrouzi, Mousa</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>TIM‐3 as a potential exhaustion marker in CD4+ T cells of COVID‐19 patients</atitle><jtitle>Immunity, Inflammation and Disease</jtitle><addtitle>Immun Inflamm Dis</addtitle><date>2021-12</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1707</spage><epage>1715</epage><pages>1707-1715</pages><issn>2050-4527</issn><eissn>2050-4527</eissn><abstract>Background
COVID‐19 causes a range of clinical symptoms from mild to critical and can be life‐threatening. Up to now, it has led to many deaths. We aimed to evaluate exhausted markers on CD4+ T cells of COVID‐19 patients.
Methods
In this study, we evaluated 44 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 disease and 16 healthy individuals. Patients were divided into moderate/severe and critical groups. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and stained by anti‐human CD39, PD‐1, TIM‐3, and anti‐human CD4. The percentage of each CD4+ subpopulation was calculated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we collected clinical information and laboratory data of both control and patient groups.
Results
We detected overexpression of TIM‐3 on CD4+ T cells in both critical and moderate/severe patients than in healthy individuals (HIs; p < .01 and p < .0001, respectively). CD4+ TIM‐3+ CD39+ lymphocytes were significantly higher in the critical patients than in HI (p < .05). Both Patient groups showed lymphopenia in comparison with HI, but CD4+ lymphocytes did not show any significant difference between study subjects. The increased amount of C‐reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and neutrophil count was observed in patients compared to HI.
Conclusion
T cell exhaustion occurs during COVID‐19 disease and TIM‐3 is the most important exhausted marker on CD4+ T cells.
T cell exhaustion occurs during COVID‐19 disease and TIM‐3 is the most important exhausted marker on CD4+ T cells.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>34499819</pmid><doi>10.1002/iid3.526</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2083-7425</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 2050-4527 |
| ispartof | Immunity, Inflammation and Disease, 2021-12, Vol.9 (4), p.1707-1715 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Coronavirus Research Database |
| subjects | CD39 CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Coronaviruses COVID-19 exhausted Cell Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2 Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear Lymphocytes Original PD‐1 SARS-CoV-2 TIM‐3 Tumor necrosis factor-TNF |
| title | TIM‐3 as a potential exhaustion marker in CD4+ T cells of COVID‐19 patients |
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