Environmental characteristics and formations of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

•PBDD/Fs, the emerging persistent organic pollutants, are focused.•PBDD/F analysis, toxicities and environmental occurrences are reviewed.•Potential sources and formation mechanisms of PBDD/Fs are critically discussed.•Current knowledge gaps and future directions for PBDD/F research are highlighted....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environment international 2021-07, Vol.152, p.106450, Article 106450
Main Authors: Yang, Lili, Liu, Guorui, Shen, Jia, Wang, Minxiang, Yang, Qiuting, Zheng, Minghui
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis method
Dibenzofurans - analysis
Dioxins - analysis
Environmental characteristics
Environmental Monitoring
Formation mechanism
Humans
Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs)
Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins - analysis
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Summary:•PBDD/Fs, the emerging persistent organic pollutants, are focused.•PBDD/F analysis, toxicities and environmental occurrences are reviewed.•Potential sources and formation mechanisms of PBDD/Fs are critically discussed.•Current knowledge gaps and future directions for PBDD/F research are highlighted. Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PBDD/Fs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that have similar or higher toxicities than the notorious dioxins. Toxicities, formation mechanisms, and environmental fates of PBDD/Fs are lacking because accurate quantification, especially of higher brominated congeners, is challenging. PBDD/F analysis is difficult because of photolysis and thermal degradation and interference from polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Here, literatures on PBDD/F analysis and environmental occurrences are reviewed to improve our understanding of PBDD/F environmental pollution and human exposure levels. Although PBDD/Fs behave similarly to dioxins, different congener profiles between PBDD/Fs and dioxins in the environment indicates their different sources and formation mechanisms. Herein, potential sources and formation mechanisms of PBDD/Fs were critically discussed, and current knowledge gaps and future directions for PBDD/F research are highlighted. An understanding of PBDD/F formation pathways will allow for development of synergistic control strategies for PBDD/Fs, dioxins, and other dioxin-like POPs.
ISSN:0160-4120
1873-6750
DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106450