Structural Diversities and Phylogenetic Signals in Plastomes of the Early-Divergent Angiosperms: A Case Study in Saxifragales

As representative of the early-divergent groups of angiosperms, Saxifragales is extremely divergent in morphology, comprising 15 families. Within this order, our previous case studies observed significant structural diversities among the plastomes of several lineages, suggesting a possible role in e...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plants (Basel) 2022-12, Vol.11 (24), p.3544
Main Authors: Han, Shiyun, Ding, Hengwu, Bi, De, Zhang, Sijia, Yi, Ran, Gao, Jinming, Yang, Jianke, Ye, Yuanxin, Wu, Longhua, Kan, Xianzhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Angiosperms
Case studies
Divergence
Evolution
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genomes
Introns
microstructural changes
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Phylogeny (Botany)
plant evolution
plastome diversity
Plastomes
pttRNAs
Saxifragales
Taxonomy
Transfer RNA
tRNA
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Summary:As representative of the early-divergent groups of angiosperms, Saxifragales is extremely divergent in morphology, comprising 15 families. Within this order, our previous case studies observed significant structural diversities among the plastomes of several lineages, suggesting a possible role in elucidating their deep phylogenetic relationships. Here, we collected 208 available plastomes from 11 constituent families to explore the evolutionary patterns among Saxifragales. With thorough comparisons, the losses of two genes and three introns were found in several groups. Notably, 432 indel events have been observed from the introns of all 17 plastomic intron-containing genes, which could well play an important role in family barcoding. Moreover, numerous heterogeneities and strong intrafamilial phylogenetic implications were revealed in pttRNA (plastomic tRNA) structures, and the unique structural patterns were also determined for five families. Most importantly, based on the well-supported phylogenetic trees, evident phylogenetic signals were detected in combinations with the identified pttRNAs features and intron indels, demonstrating abundant lineage-specific characteristics for Saxifragales. Collectively, the results reported here could not only provide a deeper understanding into the evolutionary patterns of Saxifragales, but also provide a case study for exploring the plastome evolution at a high taxonomic level of angiosperms.
ISSN:2223-7747
2223-7747
DOI:10.3390/plants11243544