Towards in-situ fumes composition monitoring during an additive manufacturing process using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

• Published in: Additive manufacturing letters 2023-07, Vol.6, p.100153, Article 100153
• Main Authors: Stolidi, Adrien, Touron, Anthony, Toulemonde, Loïc, Paradis, Hugues, Lapouge, Pierre, Coste, Frédéric, Garandet, Jean-Paul
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Chemical Physics; Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability; ED-XRF; In-line monitoring; Instrumentation and Detectors; LPBS; Physics
• ISSN: 2772-3690; 2772-3690
• DOI: 10.1016/j.addlet.2023.100153

•Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry has been implemented to monitor the fumes induced during a laser powder bed fusion process.•Significant data regarding the main components of the studied Inconel 625 alloy (Ni and Cr) have been obtained with various process conditions.•A numerical calibration procedure has been implemented to retrieve the Ni and Cr mass fraction values.•The results have been compared to an analytical physico-chemical model with consistent results. We present an in-situ energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence measurement of the content of Chromium and Nickel in the fumes produced by selective laser melting on an Inconel 625 powder. Significant variations of the intensities of the Chromium and Nickel Kα fluorescence lines were evidenced as a function of the laser power, lasing velocity and chamber atmosphere. Calibration has been carried out using Monte–Carlo particle transport simulations allowed to obtain a quantitative estimate of the Chromium and Nickel mass fraction in the fumes. The experimental data has been compared to the predictions of an analytical physico-chemical model with consistent results. This approach thus also allows to provide information on the temperature of the metallic bath.