Organophosphate Poisoning: Review of Prognosis and Management

The high annual mortality rate of organophosphorus (OP) poisoning indicates that the treatment is mostly ineffective in this regard. It has been suggested to add calcium channel blocking (CCB) drugs or magnesium sulfate (MgSO ) to normal care to decrease the release of acetylcholine (ACh) at the cho...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advanced biomedical research 2024-09, Vol.13 (1), p.82-82
Main Authors: Zoofaghari, Shafeajafar, Maghami-Mehr, Asieh, Abdolrazaghnejad, Ali
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholinesterase
Albumin
Antidotes
Atropine
calcium channel blocking drug
Calcium channels
Calcium sulfate
Carbonates
Cholinergics
Diagnosis
Drug delivery
fresh frozen plasma
Health aspects
Hemoperfusion
Hyoscyamine
Iran
Magnesium sulfate
Management
Mortality
organophosphate
Organophosphates
oxime
Oximes
Poisoning
Prognosis
Review
serum albumin
Sodium bicarbonate
Synapses
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Summary:The high annual mortality rate of organophosphorus (OP) poisoning indicates that the treatment is mostly ineffective in this regard. It has been suggested to add calcium channel blocking (CCB) drugs or magnesium sulfate (MgSO ) to normal care to decrease the release of acetylcholine (ACh) at the cholinergic synapse. Moreover, the diagnosis of OP poisoning is chiefly based on clinical evidence. Oximes and atropine are the recognized antidotes of OP. However, low-priced medications such as MgSO and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO ), as well as novel adjunct therapies, have been introduced recently. Furthermore, antioxidants are recommended for managing OP poisoning. In addition, hemoperfusion, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and K-oximes are a number of innovative management modalities that deserve further evaluation. However, prevention seems to be the most effective management modality in this respect. Therefore, this study aimed to briefly discuss the controversies in OP poisoning management and present recent advances in its management and prognosis. The results of this study revealed that multiple factors including type of exposure, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plasma level, time of hospitalization, and severity confirming OP poisoning should be considered to provide the best treatment strategy.
ISSN:2277-9175
2277-9175
DOI:10.4103/abr.abr_393_22