Methods and Evaluation of AI-Based Meteorological Models for Zenith Tropospheric Delay Prediction

Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) is a significant error source affecting the accuracy of certain space geodetic measurements. This study evaluates the performance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based meteorological models, such as Fengwu and Pangu, in estimating real-time ZTD. The results from these...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2024-11, Vol.16 (22), p.4231
Main Authors: Xiong, Si, Mei, Jiamu, Xu, Xinchuang, Shen, Ziyu, Huang, Liangke
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accuracy
AI meteorological models
Algorithms
Artificial intelligence
Artificial satellites
Climate change
Climatic zones
Comparative analysis
Efficiency
ERA5
Error analysis
Fengwu
Geodetic accuracy
Geographical locations
Global navigation satellite system
GNSS
Humidity
Methods
Pangu
Performance evaluation
Real time
Root-mean-square errors
Seasonal variations
Troposphere
Weather forecasting
Zenith
ZTD
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Summary:Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) is a significant error source affecting the accuracy of certain space geodetic measurements. This study evaluates the performance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based meteorological models, such as Fengwu and Pangu, in estimating real-time ZTD. The results from these AI models were compared with those obtained from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Atmospheric Reanalysis (ERA5), and the third generation of the Global Pressure–Temperature data model (GPT3) to assess their accuracy across different time intervals, seasons, and geographic locations. The findings reveal that AI-driven models, particularly Fengwu, offer higher long-term forecasting accuracy. An analysis of data from 81 stations throughout 2023 indicates that Fengwu’s 7-day ZTD forecast achieved an RMSE of 2.85 cm when compared to GNSS-derived ZTD. However, in oceanic regions and areas with complex climatic dynamics, the Fengwu model exhibited a larger error compared to in other land regions. Additionally, seasonal variations and station altitude were found to influence the accuracy of ZTD predictions, emphasizing the need for detailed modeling in complex climatic zones.
ISSN:2072-4292
2072-4292
DOI:10.3390/rs16224231