Stephanoascus ciferrii Complex: The Current State of Infections and Drug Resistance in Humans

In recent years, the incidence of fungal infections in humans has increased dramatically, accompanied by an expansion in the number of species implicated as etiological agents, especially environmental fungi never involved before in human infection. Among fungal pathogens, species are the most commo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of fungi (Basel) 2024-04, Vol.10 (4), p.294
Main Authors: Cosio, Terenzio, Pica, Francesca, Fontana, Carla, Pistoia, Enrico Salvatore, Favaro, Marco, Valsecchi, Isabel, Zarabian, Nikkia, Campione, Elena, Botterel, Françoise, Gaziano, Roberta
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
antifungal agents
Azoles
Candida
Candida ciferrii
Candidemia
Case reports
Clinical aspects
Drug resistance
Echinocandins
Epidemiology
Fungal infections
Fungi
immunosuppression
Laboratories
Morphology
Multidrug resistance
Pathogenicity
Pathogens
rRNA 18S
Stephanoascus ciferrii complex
Yeast
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Summary:In recent years, the incidence of fungal infections in humans has increased dramatically, accompanied by an expansion in the number of species implicated as etiological agents, especially environmental fungi never involved before in human infection. Among fungal pathogens, species are the most common opportunistic fungi that can cause local and systemic infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. ( ) is the most common causative agent of mucosal and healthcare-associated systemic infections. However, during recent decades, there has been a worrying increase in the number of emerging multi-drug-resistant non- (NAC) species, i.e., , , , , , and . In particular, , also known as or , is a heterothallic ascomycete yeast-like fungus that has received attention in recent decades as a cause of local and systemic fungal diseases. Today, the new definition of the complex, which consists of , , and , was proposed after sequencing the 18S rRNA gene. Currently, the complex is mostly associated with non-severe ear and eye infections, although a few cases of severe candidemia have been reported in immunocompromised individuals. Low susceptibility to currently available antifungal drugs is a rising concern, especially in NAC species. In this regard, a high rate of resistance to azoles and more recently also to echinocandins has emerged in the complex. This review focuses on epidemiological, biological, and clinical aspects of the complex, including its pathogenicity and drug resistance.
ISSN:2309-608X
2309-608X
DOI:10.3390/jof10040294