Phytochemical and Functional Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Obtained by Green Extraction Technologies

This work presents a green, downstream process, from extraction to phytochemical characterization and bioactivity testing, to obtain and evaluate the functional properties of phenolic compounds from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) seeds and pods. Phenolic-rich extracts were obtained by pressur...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Agronomy (Basel) 2021-01, Vol.11 (1), p.162
Main Authors: Avanza, M. Victoria, Álvarez-Rivera, Gerardo, Cifuentes, Alejandro, Mendiola, José A., Ibáñez, Elena
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetylcholinesterase
Acids
antioxidant capacity
Antioxidants
Biological activity
Cellulose
cowpea
Cowpeas
Cultivation
Ethanol
Extraction procedures
Flavones
Flavonoids
Flavonols
Food
Formulations
Free radicals
Functional foods & nutraceuticals
Glycosides
green extraction
Kaempferol
Legumes
neuroprotective properties
Nitrogen
Oxidative stress
Pharmaceutical industry
Phenolic compounds
Phenols
Phytochemicals
Polyphenols
pressurized liquid extraction
Quadrupoles
Quercetin
Seeds
Solvents
Variables
Vigna unguiculata
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Summary:This work presents a green, downstream process, from extraction to phytochemical characterization and bioactivity testing, to obtain and evaluate the functional properties of phenolic compounds from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) seeds and pods. Phenolic-rich extracts were obtained by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). The main factors affecting the extraction conditions (temperature and solvent) were optimized in order to attain extracts with the highest extraction yield, antioxidant capacity, and total phenolic content. The optimal extraction conditions were 1:1 ethanol:water at 170 °C with one extraction cycle for seeds and three extraction cycles for pods. Phenolic compounds of optimal extract were analyzed by UHPLC-q-TOF-MS/MS (quadrupole-time of flight tandem MS). The obtained PLE-extracts exhibited higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity compared to conventional extraction procedures. The in vitro anti-neurodegenerative potential of extracts was measured through Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition assay. The results revealed the higher bioactivity observed in cowpea pod samples compared to seed extracts, which might be related to higher levels of quercetin and quercetin glycosides, kaempferol diglucoside, and other tetrahydroxylated flavones and flavonols identified in these samples. These results also provide an added-value benefit to the cultivation of this legume, considering the high potential of cowpea phenolic extracts as nutraceutical and functional ingredients in food formulations.
ISSN:2073-4395
2073-4395
DOI:10.3390/agronomy11010162