Antifungal Activity of Rue Essential Oil and Commercial Chitosan on Native Corn Foliar Diseases

Native corn in Cherán, Michoacán, southwestern Mexico, represents a high-impact economic, social, and religious support, although its yield is low due to fungal diseases. Fungicides are mainly used for their control, but the fungi involved create resistance. The aims of this study are to determine t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plants (Basel) 2023-09, Vol.12 (19), p.3416
Main Authors: Ceja-Torres, Luis Fernando, Lopez-Diaz, Sigifredo, Silva-Ramos, Maria Guadalupe, Silva-Garcia, Jose Teodoro, Medina-Medrano, Jose Roberto, Gutierrez-Hernandez, German Fernando
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antifungal activity
Benomyl
Biopolymers
Blight
Chitin
Chitosan
Chromatography
Communication
Comparative analysis
Control
Corn
Disease
Diseases and pests
Distillation
Environmental aspects
Essences and essential oils
Essential oils
Fatty acids
Foliar diseases
foliar fungi
Fruits
Fungal diseases
Fungi
Fungi, Phytopathogenic
Fungicides
High performance liquid chromatography
Humidity
Identification and classification
Impact analysis
Ionization
Leaf blight
Leaf rust
Leafspot
Leaves
Liquid chromatography
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Metabolites
Mycelia
Oils & fats
Pesticides
Physiological aspects
Plant metabolites
Retinoic acid
Rue
Ruta graveolens
Scientific imaging
Seasons
Secondary metabolites
Steam distillation
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Summary:Native corn in Cherán, Michoacán, southwestern Mexico, represents a high-impact economic, social, and religious support, although its yield is low due to fungal diseases. Fungicides are mainly used for their control, but the fungi involved create resistance. The aims of this study are to determine the incidence of foliar diseases in the field, isolate the causal fungi, evaluate the in vitro effect of the essential oil of rue (Ruta graveolens) on them, and identify the secondary metabolites. The essential oil was obtained using the steam distillation technique on fresh plants. Also used was an industrial-grade chitosan, and the commercial fungicide benomyl was used as a positive control. Rue essential oil was characterized by mass spectrometry with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-ESI). The highest incidence of disease was obtained for leaf rust (35%), followed by gray leaf spot (GLS) (24%) and leaf blight (19%). Rue essential oil inhibited 100% of the mycelial growth of Coniothyrium phyllachorae and 96% of the mycelium of Exseroilum turcicum. The benomyl fungicide effectively inhibited C. phyllachorae (86 to 91%), but not E. turcicum, with the opposite effect when using chitosan by inhibiting 89 to 90% of the latter’s mycelial development. The majority compound of the essential oil of R. graveolens was 2-(3-phenylprop-2-enoyl)chromen-4-one; however, fatty acids were also detected: linoleic, palmitic, and retinoic acid.
ISSN:2223-7747
2223-7747
DOI:10.3390/plants12193416