PreRadE: Pretraining Tasks on Radiology Images and Reports Evaluation Framework

• Published in: Mathematics (Basel) 2022-12, Vol.10 (24), p.4661
• Main Authors: Coleman, Matthew, Dipnall, Joanna F, Jung, Myong Chol, Du, Lan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Classification; Data processing; Datasets; deep learning applications; Diagnostic imaging; Electronic health records; Image classification; Language; Machine learning; masked language modelling; Medical imaging; Methods; model evaluation; multimodal; Practice; Radiology; Radiology, Medical; self-supervised learning; Task analysis; X ray imagery; X-ray analysis
• ISSN: 2227-7390; 2227-7390
• DOI: 10.3390/math10244661

Recently, self-supervised pretraining of transformers has gained considerable attention in analyzing electronic medical records. However, systematic evaluation of different pretraining tasks in radiology applications using both images and radiology reports is still lacking. We propose PreRadE, a simple proof of concept framework that enables novel evaluation of pretraining tasks in a controlled environment. We investigated three most-commonly used pretraining tasks (MLM—Masked Language Modelling, MFR—Masked Feature Regression, and ITM—Image to Text Matching) and their combinations against downstream radiology classification on MIMIC-CXR, a medical chest X-ray imaging and radiology text report dataset. Our experiments in the multimodal setting show that (1) pretraining with MLM yields the greatest benefit to classification performance, largely due to the task-relevant information learned from the radiology reports. (2) Pretraining with only a single task can introduce variation in classification performance across different fine-tuning episodes, suggesting that composite task objectives incorporating both image and text modalities are better suited to generating reliably performant models.