Novel 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives as Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2023-01, Vol.24 (3), p.2439
• Main Authors: Pérez-Gordillo, Felipe Luis, Serrano-Morillas, Natalia, Acosta-García, Luz Marina, Aranda, María Teresa, Passeri, Daniela, Pellicciari, Roberto, Pérez de Vega, María Jesús, González-Muñiz, Rosario, Alvarez de la Rosa, Diego, Martín-Martínez, Mercedes
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agonists; Aldosterone; Aldosterone - pharmacology; Amino acids; antagonist; Binding sites; Blood pressure; Calcium Channel Blockers - therapeutic use; Conformation; DHP; Digital libraries; Dihydropyridine; Dihydropyridines - chemistry; Dihydropyridines - pharmacology; Drug development; Heart failure; Homeostasis; Hydrogen bonds; Hyperkalemia; Ligands; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists - pharmacology; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists - therapeutic use; Molecular dynamics; NR3C2; nuclear receptor; Nuclear receptors; Nuclear transport; Receptors, Mineralocorticoid; Selectivity; Steroids
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032439

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) belongs to the steroid receptor subfamily of nuclear receptors. MR is a transcription factor key in regulating blood pressure and mineral homeostasis. In addition, it plays an important role in a broad range of biological and pathological conditions, greatly expanding its interest as a pharmacological target. Non-steroidal MR antagonists (MRAs) are of particular interest to avoid side effects and achieve tissue-specific modulation of the receptor. The 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) ring has been identified as an appropriate scaffold to develop non-steroidal MRAs. We report the identification of a novel series of 1,4-DHP that has been guided by structure-based drug design, focusing on the less explored DHP position 2. Interestingly, substituents at this position might interfere with MR helix H12 disposition, which is essential for the recruitment of co-regulators. Several of the newly synthesized 1,4-DHPs show interesting properties as MRAs and have a good selectivity profile. These 1,4-DHPs promote MR nuclear translocation with less efficiency than the natural agonist aldosterone, which explains, at least in part, its antagonist character. Molecular dynamic studies are suggestive of several derivatives interfering with the disposition of H12 in the agonist-associated conformation, and thus, they might stabilize an MR conformation unable to recruit co-activators.