Comparative study on larvicidal potentials of Cymbopogon citratus stapf, Ricinus communis L. and Allium sativum L. on fourth instar larvae of Anopheles mosquitoes

Background The war against malaria in Africa especially Sub-Saharan Africa seems to be unending despite all efforts being invested on it for some decades. Mosquitoes have remained key transmitters of malaria. This study evaluated the larvicidal potentials of ethanolic leaf extracts of Cymbopogon cit...

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Published in:Journal of basic & applied zoology 2022-12, Vol.83 (1), p.1-8, Article 51
Main Authors: Ani, Ogonna C., Ama, Esther, Nnamonu, Emmanuel Ikechukwu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allium sativum
Allium sativum L
Anopheles
Anopheles mosquitoes’ larvae
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Cymbopogon citratus
Cymbopogon citratus stapf
Dissolved oxygen
Entomology
Larvae
Larvicidal potentials
Larvicides
Leaves
Life Sciences
Malaria
Mortality
Mosquitoes
Nontarget organisms
Plant extracts
Ricinus communis
Ricinus communis L
Zoology
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Summary:Background The war against malaria in Africa especially Sub-Saharan Africa seems to be unending despite all efforts being invested on it for some decades. Mosquitoes have remained key transmitters of malaria. This study evaluated the larvicidal potentials of ethanolic leaf extracts of Cymbopogon citratus , Ricinus communis and Allium sativum on the fourth instar larvae of Anopheles mosquito. Results Cymbopogon citratus had the highest mortality of 78% (312) out of 400 larvae used in all the varied concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/l), and had the least LC 50 value of 54.08 mg/l. Ricinus communis and Allium sativum had mortalities of 59.75% (239) and 73.75% (295) with LC 50 of 141.25 mg/l and 81.096 mg/l, respectively. There was no mortality in the control. Temperature, pH and conductivity correlated positively with mortality ( p   0.05). Conclusions Ethanolic leaf extracts of Cymbopogon citratus , A. sativum and R. communis have larvicidal properties. However, C. citratus was most effective followed by A. sativum while R. communis was the least effective. The extracts of these plants can serve as replacements to synthetic insecticides because they are bio-degradable, ecologically friendly, safe for non-target organisms and do not lead to an aftermath problem and still have properties that can reduce pest populations.
ISSN:2090-990X
2090-990X
DOI:10.1186/s41936-022-00314-6