Never partnered: A multilevel analysis of lifelong singlehood

Lifelong singlehood is a comparatively rare demographic phenomenon, averaging about 5% across the European Union. However, levels of lifelong singlehood vary greatly between countries in Europe. What explains this variation? Our main thesis is that it reflects the prevailing norms regarding gender r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Demographic research 2017-07, Vol.37, p.53-100
Main Authors: Bellani, Daniela, Esping-Andersen, Gøsta, Nedoluzhko, Lesia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Demography
Education
Educational attainment
educational gradient
Egalitarianism
Europe
gender equity
Gender roles
Higher education
life-long singlehood
Men
Modeling
Multilevel models
Research Article
Sex roles
Single people
Single status
Social aspects
Social science research
Women
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Summary:Lifelong singlehood is a comparatively rare demographic phenomenon, averaging about 5% across the European Union. However, levels of lifelong singlehood vary greatly between countries in Europe. What explains this variation? Our main thesis is that it reflects the prevailing norms regarding gender roles. We hypothesize that in societies that have not adapted to women's new roles there will be a greater propensity toward lifelong singlehood, especially among highly educated women. We analyze the link between levels of gender egalitarianism and the probability of lifelong singlehood, both overall and by educational attainment. We apply multilevel modeling to European Social Survey (ESS) and European Values Study (EVS) data collected between 2002 and 2014. We focus on differences in nonpartnering across levels of education. We run separate models for men and women. In support of our hypothesis, our analysis reveals an inverse U-shaped relationship between levels of gender equity and the likelihood of lifelong singlehood for women. The association is particularly marked for more highly educated women, while it is linear for low-educated men. Our results suggest that high levels of singlehood are concentrated very much within those societies where traditional gender values have waned but gender egalitarianism remains poorly diffused. Where gender egalitarianism has become normatively dominant, we find higher levels of partnering for better-educated women and for low-educated men.
ISSN:1435-9871
2363-7064
1435-9871
DOI:10.4054/DemRes.2017.37.4