Immune responses in COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection: A scoping review

Patients with COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection are at an increased risk of severe disease and death. We therefore sought to evaluate the current evidence which assessed the immune response in COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection. We searched Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science t...

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Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2022-08, Vol.13, p.992743
Main Authors: Flores-Lovon, Kevin, Ortiz-Saavedra, Brando, Cueva-Chicaña, Luis A, Aperrigue-Lira, Shalom, Montes-Madariaga, Elizbet S, Soriano-Moreno, David R, Bell, Brett, Macedo, Rodney
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Coinfection
COVID-19
Cross-Sectional Studies
Humans
Immunity
Immunology
Latent Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
SARS-CoV-2
Tuberculosis
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Summary:Patients with COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection are at an increased risk of severe disease and death. We therefore sought to evaluate the current evidence which assessed the immune response in COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection. We searched Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify articles published between 2020 and 2021. We included observational studies evaluating the immune response in patients with tuberculosis and COVID-19 compared to patients with COVID-19 alone. Four cross-sectional studies (372 participants) were identified. In patients with asymptomatic COVID-19 and latent tuberculosis (LTBI), increased cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and humoral responses were found. In addition, patients with symptomatic COVID-19 and LTBI had higher leukocytes counts and less inflammation. Regarding patients with COVID-19 and active tuberculosis (aTB), they exhibited decreased total lymphocyte counts, CD4 T cells specific against SARS-CoV-2 and responsiveness to SARS-CoV-2 antigens compared to patients with only COVID-19. Although the evidence is limited, an apparent positive immunomodulation is observed in patients with COVID-19 and LTBI. On the other hand, patients with COVID-19 and aTB present a dysregulated immune response. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and expand knowledge.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2022.992743