Phyllanthus emblica polysaccharide (PEP) attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression through microbiota-dependent or –independent regulation of immune responses

• Published in: Journal of functional foods 2024-03, Vol.114, p.106065, Article 106065
• Main Authors: Xu, Ding-Hui, Xie, Hai-Yan, Li, Yu-Long, Wang, Lin, Qing-Lu, Yu-Sun, Zhao, Juan-Li, Zeng, Hong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cyclophosphamide; Immunomodulatory; Intestinal flora; Phyllanthus emblica polysaccharide
• ISSN: 1756-4646; 2214-9414
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2024.106065

[Display omitted] •PEP can directly modulate cyclophosphamide-induced immunoreactivity in mice.•PEP can regulate immunoreactivity in immunosuppressed mice by activating the TLR4-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways and promoting cytokine expression.•PEP can indirectly enhance the immune function of mice by regulating the intestinal flora. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Phyllanthus Emblica polysaccharide (PEP) on immunomodulation and intestinal flora in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-treated female mice. The results showed that PEP could directly modulate the immune activity of cyclophosphamide (CTX) in mice by attenuating its damage to spleen, thymus and intestinal tissues. Meanwhile, our study revealed that PEP could activate TLR4-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways and promote the expression of cytokines such as IL-2 and TNF-α, thus modulating the immune function of immunosuppressed mice. In addition, PEP was positively correlated with immune properties, with the strongest correlation with spleen index, and PEP could also regulate the immune function of mice by modulating the intestinal flora, such as increasing the content of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Therefore, PEP may be a potential novel immunomodulator to ameliorate CTX-induced immunosuppression and intestinal flora dysregulation.