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Soybean seed size: how does it affect crop development and physiological seed quality?

The size of soybean seeds needs further study because its relationships with physiological quality, field establishment, and yield are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of seed size on soybean establishment and seed physiological quality. In the field, a 2x3x3 factoria...

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Published in:Journal of seed science 2022, Vol.44
Main Authors: Bianchi, Mariane Cristina, Vilela, Nelson Júnior Dias, Carvalho, Everson Reis, Pires, Raquel Maria de Oliveira, Santos, Heloisa Oliveira dos, Bruzi, Adriano Teodoro
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:The size of soybean seeds needs further study because its relationships with physiological quality, field establishment, and yield are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of seed size on soybean establishment and seed physiological quality. In the field, a 2x3x3 factorial design was used, with two cultivars (M 5947 IPRO and 59HO124 IPRO), three seed sizes (5.5, 6.0, and 6.5 mm), and three sowing densities (280,000, 320,000, and 360,000 plants.ha-1). Agronomic traits and grain yield were evaluated. After harvest, only seeds from plots with a population of 320,000 plants were classified by size using circular sieves with 5.5-mm, 6.0-mm, 6.5-mm, and 7.0-mm mesh sizes. For the evaluation of physiological quality, a 2x4 factorial design was applied, with two cultivars and four seed sizes. Germination, seedling emergence, accelerated aging, seedling dry matter, and emergence speed index were evaluated. Smaller seeds gave rise to shorter plants with a lower first pod insertion height. Larger seeds had higher physiological quality. The M 5947 IPRO cultivar showed better seed performance and quality. Resumo: O tamanho das sementes de soja é um fator que ainda necessita de estudos, pois a relação tamanho das sementes, qualidade fisiológica, estabelecimento e produtividade no campo apresenta controvérsias. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do tamanho das sementes no estabelecimento da cultura da soja e na qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Em campo utilizou-se fatorial 2 x 3 x 3, sendo, duas cultivares (M 5947 IPRO e 59HO124 IPRO), três tamanhos de sementes (5.5, 6.0 e 6.5 mm) e três estandes de plantas (280.000, 320.000 e 360.000 plantas.ha-1). Foram avaliados características agronômicas e produtividade de grãos. Após a colheita, as sementes das parcelas com população de 320.000 plantas foram classificadas por tamanho utilizando-se peneiras com crivos circulares, 5.5 mm, 6.0 mm, 6.5 mm e 7.0 mm de diâmetro. Para a avaliação da qualidade fisiológica, considerou-se esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo, 2 cultivares e 4 tamanhos de sementes. Avaliou-se germinação, emergência em canteiro, envelhecimento acelerado, matéria seca de plântulas e índice de velocidade de emergência. Sementes menores dão origem a plantas mais baixas e com menor altura de inserção do primeiro legume. Sementes maiores apresentam maior qualidade fisiológica. A cultivar M 5947 IPRO apresentou melhores desempenho e qualidade de sementes.
ISSN:2317-1537
2317-1545
2317-1545
DOI:10.1590/2317-1545v44255400