Proteomic and Lipidomic Profiling of Calves Experimentally Co-Infected with Influenza D Virus and Mycoplasma bovis : Insights into the Host-Pathogen Interactions

• Published in: Viruses 2024-02, Vol.16 (3), p.361
• Main Authors: Alvarez, Ignacio, Ducatez, Mariette, Guo, Yongzhi, Lion, Adrien, Widgren, Anna, Dubourdeau, Marc, Baillif, Vincent, Saias, Laure, Zohari, Siamak, Bergquist, Jonas, Meyer, Gilles, Valarcher, Jean-Francois, Hägglund, Sara
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Arachidonic acid; bovine respiratory disease; Bronchus; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chromatography, Liquid; co-infection; Complement component C4; Deltainfluenzavirus; eicosanoids; Fibrin; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Infections; Inflammation; Influenza; Influenza D; Lavage; Life Sciences; Lipidomics; Lipids; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectroscopy; Mycoplasma bovis; Mycoplasma bovis; oxylipids; Pathogens; Peptides; Proteins; Proteomes; Proteomics; Replication; Respiratory diseases; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Viruses
• ISSN: 1999-4915; 1999-4915
• DOI: 10.3390/v16030361

The role of Influenza D virus (IDV) in bovine respiratory disease remains unclear. An in vivo experiment resulted in increased clinical signs, lesions, and pathogen replication in calves co-infected with IDV and ( . ), compared to single-infected calves. The present study aimed to elucidate the host-pathogen interactions and profile the kinetics of lipid mediators in the airways of these calves. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples collected at 2 days post-infection (dpi) were used for proteomic analyses by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Additionally, lipidomic analyses were performed by LC-MS/MS on BAL samples collected at 2, 7 and 14 dpi. Whereas induced the expression of proteins involved in fibrin formation, IDV co-infection counteracted this coagulation mechanism and downregulated other acute-phase response proteins, such as complement component 4 (C4) and plasminogen (PLG). The reduced inflammatory response against likely resulted in increased replication and delayed clearance, which led to a significantly increased abundance of oxylipids in co-infected calves. The identified induced oxylipids mainly derived from arachidonic acid; were likely oxidized by COX-1, COX-2, and LOX-5; and peaked at 7 dpi. This paper presents the first characterization of BAL proteome and lipid mediator kinetics in response to IDV and infection in cattle and raises hypotheses regarding how IDV acts as a co-pathogen in bovine respiratory disease.