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Etnicidad, desarrollo y ‘Buen Vivir’: Reflexiones críticas en perspectiva histórica
The objective of this article is to reflect on the binomial ethnicity-development within a historical perspective and from the vantage point of the Andean world. It seeks to visualize the ambivalences and contradictions around which the discourses on development have circulated, including those of c...
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Published in: | European review of Latin American and Caribbean studies 2013-10 (95), p.71-95 |
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Main Author: | |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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Citations: | Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | The objective of this article is to reflect on the binomial ethnicity-development within a historical perspective and from the vantage point of the Andean world. It seeks to visualize the ambivalences and contradictions around which the discourses on development have circulated, including those of conventional applications regarding Buen Vivir or Sumak Kawsay. The text also addresses four remarkable aspects of this process: a) the period in which cultural difference or 'otherness' was conceptualized as an obstacle to so-called 'modernization'; b) the establishment, under neoliberalism, of discernible standards regarding the perceived potentialities of ethnicity in view of generating processes of endogenous or internal development; c) the difficulty of being able to precisely define what is referred to as Buen Vivir or Good Life, depending upon the viewpoint taken from positions of the government or of the opposition; and d) to what extent does Sumak Kawsay constitute (or does not constitute) a form of alternative paradigm that could potentially lead to a scenario of empowerment for subaltern groups in whose name they are said to be acting. Keywords: Good Life, Sumak Kawsay, development, post-neoliberalism, Andes, Ecuador, Citizens' Revolution. El propósito del artículo es reflexionar sobre el binomio etnicidad-desarrollo en perspectiva histórica y desde la atalaya del mundo andino. Pretende visibilizar las ambivalencias y contradicciones por las que han circulado los discursos sobre el desarrollo, tanto los de corte convencional como los del Buen Vivir o Sumak Kawsay. El texto aborda cuatro aspectos remarcables de ese proceso: a) el tiempo en el que la alteridad cultural fue conceptualizada como un obstáculo a la llamada 'modernización'; b) el establecimiento, bajo el neoliberalismo, de lineamientos sensibles a las potencialidades percibidas en la etnicidad de cara a generar procesos de desarrollo endógenos; c) la dificultad de definir con precisión a qué se refiere el Buen Vivir según se ubique el punto de mira desde posiciones de gobierno o de oposición; y d) en qué medida el del Sumak Kawsay constituye o no una suerte de paradigma alternativo potencialmente conducente a un escenario empoderativo de los grupos subalternos en nombre de quienes se dice actuar. Palabras clave: Buen Vivir, Sumak Kawsay, desarrollo, posneoliberalismo, Andes, Ecuador, Revolución Ciudadana. |
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ISSN: | 0924-0608 1879-4750 |
DOI: | 10.18352/erlacs.9231 |