Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Review of Its Mutations, Its Implications and Vaccine Efficacy

The widespread increase in multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants is causing a significant health concern in the United States and worldwide. These variants exhibit increased transmissibility, cause more severe disease, exhibit evasive immune properties, impai...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Vaccines (Basel) 2021-10, Vol.9 (10), p.1195
Main Authors: Ramesh, Sindhu, Govindarajulu, Manoj, Parise, Rachel S., Neel, Logan, Shankar, Tharanath, Patel, Shriya, Lowery, Payton, Smith, Forrest, Dhanasekaran, Muralikrishnan, Moore, Timothy
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies
Convalescence
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Disease control
Mutation
mutations
Neutralization
Respiratory diseases
Review
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccine efficacy
Vaccines
variants of concern
variants of interest
Viral diseases
Viruses
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Summary:The widespread increase in multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants is causing a significant health concern in the United States and worldwide. These variants exhibit increased transmissibility, cause more severe disease, exhibit evasive immune properties, impair neutralization by antibodies from vaccinated individuals or convalescence sera, and reinfection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has classified SARS-CoV-2 variants into variants of interest, variants of concern, and variants of high consequence. Currently, four variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, and B.1.617.2) and several variants of interests (B.1.526, B.1.525, and P.2) are characterized and are essential for close monitoring. In this review, we discuss the different SARS-CoV-2 variants, emphasizing variants of concern circulating the world and highlight the various mutations and how these mutations affect the characteristics of the virus. In addition, we discuss the most common vaccines and the various studies concerning the efficacy of these vaccines against different variants of concern.
ISSN:2076-393X
2076-393X
DOI:10.3390/vaccines9101195