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Soil acidity, liming and soybean performance under no-till Acidez do solo, calagem e comportamento da soja cultivada em plantio direto

The effects of soil chemical changes on soybean root growth, mineral nutrition and grain yield, as a result of surface application of lime under no-till (NT), are still under discussion. A field trial was carried out on a loamy dystrophic Typic Hapludox at Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil, using a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientia agricola 2008-01, Vol.65 (5), p.532-540
Main Authors: Eduardo Fávero Caires, Gabriel Barth, Fernando José Garbuio, Susana Churka
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:The effects of soil chemical changes on soybean root growth, mineral nutrition and grain yield, as a result of surface application of lime under no-till (NT), are still under discussion. A field trial was carried out on a loamy dystrophic Typic Hapludox at Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil, using a completely randomized block design with three replicates, in a split-plot experiment. The main plots received four dolomitic lime rates applied on the surface (0, 2, 4, and 6 Mg ha-1) in July 1993. In the subplots, two dolomitic lime rates were reapplied on the surface (0 and 3 Mg ha-1) in June 2000. After nine years, liming increased pH, exchangeable Ca2+ and reduced exchangeable Al3+ as well as soil Al3+ saturation down to a 60 cm depth. Re-liming, after two years, also provided soil acidity amelioration to a 60 cm depth. Soybean total root length per soil surface area (0-60 cm) decreased with the surface lime application under NT. The reduction in soil exchangeable Al3+ with liming did not change Al concentrations in the soybean roots and leaves. Surface-applied dolomitic lime under NT brought an increase in Ca and Mg concentrations and a decrease in the Mn level in both soybean roots and leaves. Soybean grain yield was not influenced by surface liming because of the decreased Al toxicity and because root growth was stimulated by soil acidity stress under NT.Os efeitos das alterações químicas do solo ocasionadas pela aplicação superficial de calcário no crescimento radicular, na nutrição mineral e na produção de grãos de soja cultivada em sistema plantio direto são pouco conhecidos e foram estudados no presente trabalho. O experimento foi realizado em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico textura média, em Ponta Grossa (PR). O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos completos ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. As parcelas receberam quatro doses de calcário dolomítico na superfície (0, 2, 4 e 6 Mg ha-1), em julho de 1993, e, nas subparcelas, foram reaplicadas duas doses de calcário dolomítico na superfície (0 e 3 Mg ha-1), em junho de 2000. A calagem, após nove anos, aumentou o pH e o Ca2+ trocável e reduziu o Al3+ trocável e a saturação por alumínio do solo, até a profundidade de 60 cm. A reaplicação de calcário, após dois anos, também proporcionou melhoria nas condições de acidez do solo até a profundidade de 60 cm. O comprimento total de raízes de soja por unidade de área superficial de solo (0-60 cm) foi reduzido com a calagem
ISSN:0103-9016
1678-992X
DOI:10.1590/S0103-90162008000500013