A remote sensing approach to estimate the load bearing capacity of soil

• Published in: Information processing in agriculture 2024-03, Vol.11 (1), p.109-116
• Main Authors: de Souza, Italo Rômulo Mendes, Sano, Edson Eyji, de Lima, Renato Paiva, da Silva, Anderson Rodrigo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: agricultural machinery and equipment; agricultural soils; agriculture; basins; Brazil; Brazilian Cerrado; class; clay fraction; information; land cover; Preconsolidation stress; remote sensing; seasonal variation; SMAP; Soil compaction; soil management; soil water; time series analysis; traffic; vegetation
• ISSN: 2214-3173; 2214-3173
• DOI: 10.1016/j.inpa.2022.10.002

•Data on soil moisture in the root zone were retrieved from NASA-SMAP products.•Pedotransfer functions were applied to estimate and map load bearing capacity.•Temporal estimates on classes of soil use, land cover and land slope were evaluated. Preconsolidation pressure (σP) of soil can be considered as an indicator of the Load Bearing Capacity (LBC), which is the tolerated surface pressure before compaction, often caused by the traffic of agricultural machinery. In this pioneering study, a remote sensing approach was introduced to estimate LBC through σP from soils of the “Rio Preto” Hydrographic Basin, Bahia State, Brazil, in a monthly time lapse from 2016 to 2019. Traditionally, σP is measured by a laborious and time demanding laboratory analysis, making it unfeasible to map large areas. The innovative methodology of this work consists of combining active–passive satellite data on soil moisture and pedotransfer functions of clay content and water matric potential to obtain geo-located estimates of σP. Estimates were analysed under different classes of soil use, land cover and slope; 95% confidence intervals were built for the time series of mean values of LBC for each class. The overall seasonal variation in LBC estimates is similar in areas with annual crops, grasslands and natural vegetation, and flat areas are less affected by soil moisture variations over the year (between seasons). LBC decreased, in general, at about 0.5% a year in flat areas. Therefore, these areas demand attention, since they occupy 86% of the Basin and are mostly subjected to agricultural soil management and surface pressure by heavy machinery.