Atomistic Origins of Resurrection of Aged Acetylcholinesterase by Quinone Methide Precursors

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2024-08, Vol.29 (15), p.3684
• Main Authors: Ferreira, Leonardo V F, Santos, Taináh M R, Tavares, Camila A, Rasouli, Hassan, Ramalho, Teodorico C
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: acetylcholinesterase; Acetylcholinesterase - chemistry; Acetylcholinesterase - metabolism; Aging; Algorithms; Analysis; Biological & chemical weapons; Cholinesterase Inhibitors - chemistry; Cholinesterase Inhibitors - pharmacology; Enzymes; Gases, Asphyxiating and poisonous; Humans; Indolequinones - chemistry; Kinetics; Ligands; mechanistic studies; Models, Molecular; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; nerve agents; Nerve gas; Poisoning; realkylation; resurrection; Thermodynamics; Toxicity; War use
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153684

Nerve agents are organophosphates (OPs) that act as potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of acetylcholine. After inhibition, a dealkylation reaction of the phosphorylated serine, known as the aging of AChE, can occur. When aged, reactivators of OP-inhibited AChE are no longer effective. Therefore, the realkylation of aged AChE may offer a pathway to reverse AChE aging. In this study, molecular modeling was conducted to propose new ligands as realkylators of aged AChE. We applied a methodology involving docking and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations to evaluate the resurrection kinetic constants and ligand interactions with OP-aged AChE, comparing them to data found in the literature. The results obtained confirm that this method is suitable for predicting kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of ligands, which can be useful in the design and selection of new and more effective ligands for AChE realkylation.