Concurrent Clade I and Clade II Monkeypox Virus Circulation, Cameroon, 1979-2022

During 1979-2022, Cameroon recorded 32 laboratory-confirmed mpox cases among 137 suspected mpox cases identified by the national surveillance network. The highest positivity rate occurred in 2022, indicating potential mpox re-emergence in Cameroon. Both clade I (n = 12) and clade II (n = 18) monkeyp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Emerging infectious diseases 2024-03, Vol.30 (3), p.432-443
Main Authors: Djuicy, Delia D, Sadeuh-Mba, Serge A, Bilounga, Chanceline N, Yonga, Martial G, Tchatchueng-Mbougua, Jules B, Essima, Gael D, Esso, Linda, Nguidjol, Inès M E, Metomb, Steve F, Chebo, Cornelius, Agwe, Samuel M, Ankone, Placide A, Ngonla, Firmin N N, Mossi, Hans M, Etoundi, Alain G M, Eyangoh, Sara I, Kazanji, Mirdad, Njouom, Richard
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Africa
Africa, Western - epidemiology
Cameroon
Cameroon - epidemiology
Causes of
Central African Republic
Concurrent Clade I and Clade II Monkeypox Virus Circulation, Cameroon, 1979–2022
Distribution
DNA viruses
Ecosystem
Epidemics
Forests
Genetic aspects
Human monkeypox
Humans
Identification and classification
Infections
Laboratories
Life Sciences
Marburg virus disease
Microbiology and Parasitology
monkeypox virus
Monkeypox virus - genetics
Mpox
Mpox (monkeypox) - epidemiology
MPXV
Nigeria
Phylogenetics
Public health
Rain forests
Rainforests
Smallpox
Software
Surveillance
Virology
viruses
Zoonoses
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Summary:During 1979-2022, Cameroon recorded 32 laboratory-confirmed mpox cases among 137 suspected mpox cases identified by the national surveillance network. The highest positivity rate occurred in 2022, indicating potential mpox re-emergence in Cameroon. Both clade I (n = 12) and clade II (n = 18) monkeypox virus (MPXV) were reported, a unique feature of mpox in Cameroon. The overall case-fatality ratio of 2.2% was associated with clade II. We found mpox occurred only in the forested southern part of the country, and MPXV phylogeographic structure revealed a clear geographic separation among concurrent circulating clades. Clade I originated from eastern regions close to neighboring mpox-endemic countries in Central Africa; clade II was prevalent in western regions close to West Africa. Our findings suggest that MPXV re-emerged after a 30-year lapse and might arise from different viral reservoirs unique to ecosystems in eastern and western rainforests of Cameroon.
ISSN:1080-6040
1080-6059
DOI:10.3201/eid3003.230861