Sulfated and non-sulfated chondroitin affect the composition and metabolism of human colonic microbiota simulated in an in vitro fermentation system

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a family of glycosaminoglycans and have a wide range of applications in dietary supplements and pharmaceutical drugs. In this study, we evaluated the effects of several types of CS, differing in their sulfated positions, on the human colonic microbiota and their metabolit...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2023-07, Vol.13 (1), p.12313-12313, Article 12313
Main Authors: Inokuma, Kentaro, Sasaki, Daisuke, Kurata, Kaoru, Ichikawa, Megumi, Otsuka, Yuya, Kondo, Akihiko
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
631/326
631/326/41
631/326/41/2142
692/4020/2199
Bacteroides
Chondroitin sulfate
Chondroitin Sulfates
Dietary supplements
Eubacterium
Feces
Fermentation
Glycosaminoglycans
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Intestinal microflora
Metabolites
Microbiota
multidisciplinary
Ornithine
Relative abundance
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sulfates
Sulfur Oxides
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c585t-beb12c944434b2e793f9aa5c0060126b8ccfd3fd38fe26bbf36bfacf61dd4fe93
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c585t-beb12c944434b2e793f9aa5c0060126b8ccfd3fd38fe26bbf36bfacf61dd4fe93
container_end_page 12313
container_issue 1
container_start_page 12313
container_title Scientific reports
container_volume 13
creator Inokuma, Kentaro
Sasaki, Daisuke
Kurata, Kaoru
Ichikawa, Megumi
Otsuka, Yuya
Kondo, Akihiko
description Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a family of glycosaminoglycans and have a wide range of applications in dietary supplements and pharmaceutical drugs. In this study, we evaluated the effects of several types of CS, differing in their sulfated positions, on the human colonic microbiota and their metabolites. CS (CSA, CSC, and CSE) and non-sulfated chondroitin (CH) were added into an in vitro human colonic microbiota model with fecal samples from 10 healthy individuals. CS addition showed a tendency to increase the relative abundance of Bacteroides , Eubacterium , and Faecalibacterium , and CSC and CSE addition significantly increased the total number of eubacteria in the culture of the Kobe University Human Intestinal Microbiota Model. CSE addition also resulted in a significant increase in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels. Furthermore, addition with CSC and CSE increased the levels of a wide range of metabolites including lysine, ornithine, and Ile-Pro-Pro, which could have beneficial effects on the host. However, significant increases in the total number of eubacteria, relative abundance of Bacteroides , and SCFA levels were also observed after addition with CH, and the trends in the effects of CH addition on metabolite concentrations were identical to those of CSC and CSE addition. These results provide novel insight into the contribution of the colonic microbiota to the beneficial effects of dietary CS.
doi_str_mv 10.1038/s41598-023-38849-5
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_doaj_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_87e22b0fc39241d99c7bb04fef369004</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_87e22b0fc39241d99c7bb04fef369004</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>2843477086</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c585t-beb12c944434b2e793f9aa5c0060126b8ccfd3fd38fe26bbf36bfacf61dd4fe93</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kktv1DAQxyMEolXpF-CAInHhEvAriX1CqOJRqRIH4GzZznjXq9hebKdSv0c_MN5sW1oOWJYfM__5jR_TNK8xeo8R5R8yw73gHSK0o5wz0fXPmlOCWN8RSsjzR-uT5jznHaqtJ4Jh8bI5oWOPh5Gi0-b2xzJbVWBqVZjaEEOX7w1mG8OUoisutMpaMKUtW2hN9PuYqzWGNcZDUTrOLvs22na7eBWqZo7BmdY7k6J2sag2O7_MK_eAC4fx2pUUWwvJQyhqBeabXMC_al5YNWc4v5vPml9fPv-8-NZdff96efHpqjM970unQWNiBGOMMk1gFNQKpXqD0IAwGTQ3xk60dm6hbrWlg7bK2AFPE7Mg6FlzeeROUe3kPjmv0o2MysnVENNGqlScmUHyEQjRyBoqCMOTEGbUGlVKhQqEWGV9PLL2i_YwmXqlpOYn0Kee4LZyE6_l4TdHjHElvLsjpPh7gVykd9nAPKsAccmScMaQwHTgVfr2H-kuLinUtzqoKBtHxIeqIkdV_YScE9iH02C0ppXHIpK1iORaRLKvQW8e3-Mh5L5kqoAeBbm6wgbS39z_wf4Bx9LW0Q</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2843477086</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Sulfated and non-sulfated chondroitin affect the composition and metabolism of human colonic microbiota simulated in an in vitro fermentation system</title><source>Publicly Available Content Database</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><source>Springer Nature - nature.com Journals - Fully Open Access</source><creator>Inokuma, Kentaro ; Sasaki, Daisuke ; Kurata, Kaoru ; Ichikawa, Megumi ; Otsuka, Yuya ; Kondo, Akihiko</creator><creatorcontrib>Inokuma, Kentaro ; Sasaki, Daisuke ; Kurata, Kaoru ; Ichikawa, Megumi ; Otsuka, Yuya ; Kondo, Akihiko</creatorcontrib><description>Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a family of glycosaminoglycans and have a wide range of applications in dietary supplements and pharmaceutical drugs. In this study, we evaluated the effects of several types of CS, differing in their sulfated positions, on the human colonic microbiota and their metabolites. CS (CSA, CSC, and CSE) and non-sulfated chondroitin (CH) were added into an in vitro human colonic microbiota model with fecal samples from 10 healthy individuals. CS addition showed a tendency to increase the relative abundance of Bacteroides , Eubacterium , and Faecalibacterium , and CSC and CSE addition significantly increased the total number of eubacteria in the culture of the Kobe University Human Intestinal Microbiota Model. CSE addition also resulted in a significant increase in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels. Furthermore, addition with CSC and CSE increased the levels of a wide range of metabolites including lysine, ornithine, and Ile-Pro-Pro, which could have beneficial effects on the host. However, significant increases in the total number of eubacteria, relative abundance of Bacteroides , and SCFA levels were also observed after addition with CH, and the trends in the effects of CH addition on metabolite concentrations were identical to those of CSC and CSE addition. These results provide novel insight into the contribution of the colonic microbiota to the beneficial effects of dietary CS.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38849-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37516730</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>631/326 ; 631/326/41 ; 631/326/41/2142 ; 692/4020/2199 ; Bacteroides ; Chondroitin sulfate ; Chondroitin Sulfates ; Dietary supplements ; Eubacterium ; Feces ; Fermentation ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Humans ; Intestinal microflora ; Metabolites ; Microbiota ; multidisciplinary ; Ornithine ; Relative abundance ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Sulfates ; Sulfur Oxides</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2023-07, Vol.13 (1), p.12313-12313, Article 12313</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2023</rights><rights>2023. The Author(s).</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2023. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c585t-beb12c944434b2e793f9aa5c0060126b8ccfd3fd38fe26bbf36bfacf61dd4fe93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c585t-beb12c944434b2e793f9aa5c0060126b8ccfd3fd38fe26bbf36bfacf61dd4fe93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2843477086/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2843477086?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,882,25734,27905,27906,36993,36994,44571,53772,53774,74875</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37516730$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Inokuma, Kentaro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sasaki, Daisuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kurata, Kaoru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ichikawa, Megumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otsuka, Yuya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kondo, Akihiko</creatorcontrib><title>Sulfated and non-sulfated chondroitin affect the composition and metabolism of human colonic microbiota simulated in an in vitro fermentation system</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a family of glycosaminoglycans and have a wide range of applications in dietary supplements and pharmaceutical drugs. In this study, we evaluated the effects of several types of CS, differing in their sulfated positions, on the human colonic microbiota and their metabolites. CS (CSA, CSC, and CSE) and non-sulfated chondroitin (CH) were added into an in vitro human colonic microbiota model with fecal samples from 10 healthy individuals. CS addition showed a tendency to increase the relative abundance of Bacteroides , Eubacterium , and Faecalibacterium , and CSC and CSE addition significantly increased the total number of eubacteria in the culture of the Kobe University Human Intestinal Microbiota Model. CSE addition also resulted in a significant increase in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels. Furthermore, addition with CSC and CSE increased the levels of a wide range of metabolites including lysine, ornithine, and Ile-Pro-Pro, which could have beneficial effects on the host. However, significant increases in the total number of eubacteria, relative abundance of Bacteroides , and SCFA levels were also observed after addition with CH, and the trends in the effects of CH addition on metabolite concentrations were identical to those of CSC and CSE addition. These results provide novel insight into the contribution of the colonic microbiota to the beneficial effects of dietary CS.</description><subject>631/326</subject><subject>631/326/41</subject><subject>631/326/41/2142</subject><subject>692/4020/2199</subject><subject>Bacteroides</subject><subject>Chondroitin sulfate</subject><subject>Chondroitin Sulfates</subject><subject>Dietary supplements</subject><subject>Eubacterium</subject><subject>Feces</subject><subject>Fermentation</subject><subject>Glycosaminoglycans</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intestinal microflora</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Microbiota</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Ornithine</subject><subject>Relative abundance</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Sulfates</subject><subject>Sulfur Oxides</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kktv1DAQxyMEolXpF-CAInHhEvAriX1CqOJRqRIH4GzZznjXq9hebKdSv0c_MN5sW1oOWJYfM__5jR_TNK8xeo8R5R8yw73gHSK0o5wz0fXPmlOCWN8RSsjzR-uT5jznHaqtJ4Jh8bI5oWOPh5Gi0-b2xzJbVWBqVZjaEEOX7w1mG8OUoisutMpaMKUtW2hN9PuYqzWGNcZDUTrOLvs22na7eBWqZo7BmdY7k6J2sag2O7_MK_eAC4fx2pUUWwvJQyhqBeabXMC_al5YNWc4v5vPml9fPv-8-NZdff96efHpqjM970unQWNiBGOMMk1gFNQKpXqD0IAwGTQ3xk60dm6hbrWlg7bK2AFPE7Mg6FlzeeROUe3kPjmv0o2MysnVENNGqlScmUHyEQjRyBoqCMOTEGbUGlVKhQqEWGV9PLL2i_YwmXqlpOYn0Kee4LZyE6_l4TdHjHElvLsjpPh7gVykd9nAPKsAccmScMaQwHTgVfr2H-kuLinUtzqoKBtHxIeqIkdV_YScE9iH02C0ppXHIpK1iORaRLKvQW8e3-Mh5L5kqoAeBbm6wgbS39z_wf4Bx9LW0Q</recordid><startdate>20230729</startdate><enddate>20230729</enddate><creator>Inokuma, Kentaro</creator><creator>Sasaki, Daisuke</creator><creator>Kurata, Kaoru</creator><creator>Ichikawa, Megumi</creator><creator>Otsuka, Yuya</creator><creator>Kondo, Akihiko</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><general>Nature Portfolio</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20230729</creationdate><title>Sulfated and non-sulfated chondroitin affect the composition and metabolism of human colonic microbiota simulated in an in vitro fermentation system</title><author>Inokuma, Kentaro ; Sasaki, Daisuke ; Kurata, Kaoru ; Ichikawa, Megumi ; Otsuka, Yuya ; Kondo, Akihiko</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c585t-beb12c944434b2e793f9aa5c0060126b8ccfd3fd38fe26bbf36bfacf61dd4fe93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>631/326</topic><topic>631/326/41</topic><topic>631/326/41/2142</topic><topic>692/4020/2199</topic><topic>Bacteroides</topic><topic>Chondroitin sulfate</topic><topic>Chondroitin Sulfates</topic><topic>Dietary supplements</topic><topic>Eubacterium</topic><topic>Feces</topic><topic>Fermentation</topic><topic>Glycosaminoglycans</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Intestinal microflora</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Microbiota</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Ornithine</topic><topic>Relative abundance</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Science (multidisciplinary)</topic><topic>Sulfates</topic><topic>Sulfur Oxides</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Inokuma, Kentaro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sasaki, Daisuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kurata, Kaoru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ichikawa, Megumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Otsuka, Yuya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kondo, Akihiko</creatorcontrib><collection>SpringerOpen</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health and Medical</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Science Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Journals</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Inokuma, Kentaro</au><au>Sasaki, Daisuke</au><au>Kurata, Kaoru</au><au>Ichikawa, Megumi</au><au>Otsuka, Yuya</au><au>Kondo, Akihiko</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sulfated and non-sulfated chondroitin affect the composition and metabolism of human colonic microbiota simulated in an in vitro fermentation system</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><date>2023-07-29</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>12313</spage><epage>12313</epage><pages>12313-12313</pages><artnum>12313</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a family of glycosaminoglycans and have a wide range of applications in dietary supplements and pharmaceutical drugs. In this study, we evaluated the effects of several types of CS, differing in their sulfated positions, on the human colonic microbiota and their metabolites. CS (CSA, CSC, and CSE) and non-sulfated chondroitin (CH) were added into an in vitro human colonic microbiota model with fecal samples from 10 healthy individuals. CS addition showed a tendency to increase the relative abundance of Bacteroides , Eubacterium , and Faecalibacterium , and CSC and CSE addition significantly increased the total number of eubacteria in the culture of the Kobe University Human Intestinal Microbiota Model. CSE addition also resulted in a significant increase in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels. Furthermore, addition with CSC and CSE increased the levels of a wide range of metabolites including lysine, ornithine, and Ile-Pro-Pro, which could have beneficial effects on the host. However, significant increases in the total number of eubacteria, relative abundance of Bacteroides , and SCFA levels were also observed after addition with CH, and the trends in the effects of CH addition on metabolite concentrations were identical to those of CSC and CSE addition. These results provide novel insight into the contribution of the colonic microbiota to the beneficial effects of dietary CS.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>37516730</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-023-38849-5</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 2045-2322
ispartof Scientific reports, 2023-07, Vol.13 (1), p.12313-12313, Article 12313
issn 2045-2322
2045-2322
language eng
recordid cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_87e22b0fc39241d99c7bb04fef369004
source Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Springer Nature - nature.com Journals - Fully Open Access
subjects 631/326
631/326/41
631/326/41/2142
692/4020/2199
Bacteroides
Chondroitin sulfate
Chondroitin Sulfates
Dietary supplements
Eubacterium
Feces
Fermentation
Glycosaminoglycans
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Intestinal microflora
Metabolites
Microbiota
multidisciplinary
Ornithine
Relative abundance
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sulfates
Sulfur Oxides
title Sulfated and non-sulfated chondroitin affect the composition and metabolism of human colonic microbiota simulated in an in vitro fermentation system
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-17T16%3A18%3A50IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_doaj_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sulfated%20and%20non-sulfated%20chondroitin%20affect%20the%20composition%20and%20metabolism%20of%20human%20colonic%20microbiota%20simulated%20in%20an%20in%20vitro%20fermentation%20system&rft.jtitle=Scientific%20reports&rft.au=Inokuma,%20Kentaro&rft.date=2023-07-29&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12313&rft.epage=12313&rft.pages=12313-12313&rft.artnum=12313&rft.issn=2045-2322&rft.eissn=2045-2322&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/s41598-023-38849-5&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_doaj_%3E2843477086%3C/proquest_doaj_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c585t-beb12c944434b2e793f9aa5c0060126b8ccfd3fd38fe26bbf36bfacf61dd4fe93%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2843477086&rft_id=info:pmid/37516730&rfr_iscdi=true