Properties of white matter tract diffusivity in children with developmental dyslexia and comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Developmental dyslexia (DD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are highly comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders. Individuals with DD or ADHD have both been shown to have deficits in white matter tracts associated with reading and attentional control networks. However, white matter d...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders 2023-08, Vol.15 (1), p.25-15, Article 25
Main Authors: Slaby, Ryan J, Arrington, C Nikki, Malins, Jeffrey, Sevcik, Rose A, Pugh, Kenneth R, Morris, Robin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Achievement tests
ADHD
Analysis of Variance
Anisotropy
Attention
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - complications
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - physiopathology
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Brain
Child
Comorbidity
Developmental disabilities
DTI
Dyslexia
Dyslexia - complications
Dyslexia - physiopathology
Elementary school students
Executive Function
Humans
Language
Learning disabled
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Phonology
Reading
Reading comprehension
Reading disabilities
Semantics
SLF
Substantia alba
White matter
White Matter - physiopathology
Word meaning
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Summary:Developmental dyslexia (DD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are highly comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders. Individuals with DD or ADHD have both been shown to have deficits in white matter tracts associated with reading and attentional control networks. However, white matter diffusivity in individuals comorbid with both DD and ADHD (DD + ADHD) has not been specifically explored. Participants were 3 and 4 graders (age range = 7 to 11 years; SD = 0.69) from three diagnostic groups ((DD (n = 40), DD + ADHD (n = 22), and typical developing (TD) (n = 20)). Behavioral measures of reading and attention alongside measures of white matter diffusivity were collected for all participants. DD + ADHD and TD groups differed in mean fractional anisotropy (FA) for the left and right Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus (SLF)-Parietal Terminations and SLF-Temporal Terminations. Mean FA for the DD group across these SLF tracts fell between the lower DD + ADHD and higher TD averages. No differences in mean diffusivity nor significant brain-behavior relations were found. Findings suggest that WM diffusivity in the SLF increases along a continuum across DD + ADHD, DD, and TD.
ISSN:1866-1955
1866-1947
1866-1955
DOI:10.1186/s11689-023-09495-9