Monocyte distribution width as a pragmatic screen for SARS-CoV-2 or influenza infection

Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is a novel marker of monocyte activation, which is known to occur in the immune response to viral pathogens. Our objective was to determine the performance of MDW and other leukocyte parameters as screening tests for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infection. This was a pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2022-12, Vol.12 (1), p.21528-21528, Article 21528
Main Authors: Badaki-Makun, Oluwakemi, Levin, Scott, Debraine, Arnaud, Hernried, Benjamin, Malinovska, Alexandra, Smith, Aria, Toerper, Matthew, Fenstermacher, Katherine Z. J., Cottle, Taylor, Latallo, Malgorzata, Rothman, Richard E., Hinson, Jeremiah S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
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Adult
Blood tests
Cell activation
COVID-19
COVID-19 - diagnosis
COVID-19 Testing
Emergency medical care
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Immune response
Infections
Influenza
Influenza, Human - diagnosis
Leukocytes (neutrophilic)
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
multidisciplinary
Prospective Studies
Public health
SARS-CoV-2
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Statistical analysis
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Summary:Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is a novel marker of monocyte activation, which is known to occur in the immune response to viral pathogens. Our objective was to determine the performance of MDW and other leukocyte parameters as screening tests for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infection. This was a prospective cohort analysis of adult patients who underwent complete blood count (CBC) and SARS-CoV-2 or influenza testing in an Emergency Department (ED) between January 2020 and July 2021. The primary outcome was SARS-CoV-2 or influenza infection. Secondary outcomes were measures of severity of illness including inpatient hospitalization, critical care admission, hospital lengths of stay and mortality. Descriptive statistics and test performance measures were evaluated for monocyte percentage, MDW, white blood cell (WBC) count, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). 3,425 ED patient visits were included. SARS-CoV-2 testing was performed during 1,922 visits with a positivity rate of 5.4%; influenza testing was performed during 2,090 with a positivity rate of 2.3%. MDW was elevated in patients with SARS-Cov-2 (median 23.0U; IQR 20.5–25.1) or influenza (median 24.1U; IQR 22.0–26.9) infection, as compared to those without (18.9U; IQR 17.4–20.7 and 19.1U; 17.4–21, respectively, P  
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-24978-w