Rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by GeneXpert MTB/RIF and Associated Factors Among Presumptive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Nepal

• Published in: Infection and drug resistance 2020-01, Vol.13, p.2911-2919
• Main Authors: Sah, Shiv Kumar, Bhattarai, Pramod Raj, Shrestha, Anjana, Dhami, Deepak, Guruwacharya, Deepa, Shrestha, Renu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Analysis; Data collection; Developing countries; Drug resistance; Ethnicity; Geography; Laboratories; LDCs; Medical diagnosis; Microbial drug resistance; Microscopy; mtb prevalence; Mutation; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nepal; Original Research; Patients; Pediatrics; Population studies; Public health; Rifampin; Risk factors; rr-mtb prevalence; Sociodemographics; Tuberculosis; Variables
• ISSN: 1178-6973; 1178-6973
• DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S263795

Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) remains a major public health problem worldwide, and emergence of drug-resistant TB has become a significant obstacle to effective TB control. However, the rate of MTB and rifampicin resistant-MTB (RR-MTB) in the Nepalese setting has not been studied extensively. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the rate of MTB and RR-MTB and further determine the factors associated with it. A retrospective cross-sectional study, among national representative data of 990 consecutive presumptive TB resister of patients subjected to the GeneXpert test that presented to the tuberculosis referral hospital, was conducted over a one year period from February 2018 to January 2019. Significance for the difference for categorical data was performed by Chi-square test and factors associated with MTB and RR-MTB were assessed using binary logistic regression yielding OR with 95%CI. Of total 990 presumptive tuberculosis analyzed cases, median ages of the patients were 39±19.09 years and two-thirds of the patients were male 653 (66.0%). The estimated prevalence of MTB in presumptive TB patients was 13.8% (95%CI: 11.88%-16.16%), and risk for MTB was significantly associated with previously treated patients: OR: 10.4 ( 0.05). The overall prevalence of MTB and RR-MTB was high in Nepalese study population,  and that being previously treated with anti-TB drug remained significant predictors for MTB; proactive measures are urgently needed to address the challenge of prompt diagnosis, early management and improved monitoring of treatment to limit the emergence drug-resistant MTB strains in the community.