Condensate and superfluid fraction of homogeneous Bose gases in a self-consistent Popov approximation

We study the condensate and superfluid fraction of a homogeneous gas of weakly interacting bosons in three spatial dimensions by adopting a self-consistent Popov approximation, comparing this approach with other theoretical schemes. Differently from the superfluid fraction, we find that at finite te...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports 2024-07, Vol.14 (1), p.15034-10, Article 15034
Main Authors: Vianello, Cesare, Salasnich, Luca
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
639/766/36
639/766/483
639/766/530
Approximation
Atoms & subatomic particles
Gases
Humanities and Social Sciences
multidisciplinary
Phase transitions
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
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Summary:We study the condensate and superfluid fraction of a homogeneous gas of weakly interacting bosons in three spatial dimensions by adopting a self-consistent Popov approximation, comparing this approach with other theoretical schemes. Differently from the superfluid fraction, we find that at finite temperature the condensate fraction is a non-monotonic function of the interaction strength, presenting a global maximum at a characteristic value of the gas parameter, which grows as the temperature increases. This non-monotonic behavior has not yet been observed, but could be tested with the available experimental setups of ultracold bosonic atoms confined in a box potential. We clearly identify the region of parameter space that is of experimental interest to look for this behavior and provide explicit expressions for the relevant observables. Finite size effects are also discussed within a semiclassical approximation.
ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-65897-2