Research Progress on Ultra-Low Temperature Steels: A Review on Their Composition, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties

To address global environmental concerns and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, countries worldwide are prioritizing the development of green, eco-friendly, and low-carbon energy sources. This emphasis has led to the growing importance of promoting clean energy industries like hydrogen energy and natu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Metals (Basel ) 2023-12, Vol.13 (12), p.2007
Main Authors: Xiong, Jianchao, Zhang, Xiaodan, Wang, Yuhui
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air quality management
Alloys
Carbon
Carbon dioxide
Clean energy
Clean technology
Composition
Crack initiation
Cryogenic temperature
cryogenic temperatures
Deformation
Deformation mechanisms
Ductility
Electric utilities
Emissions
Energy
Entropy
Grain size
Green technology
high-manganese steel
Hydrogen
Hydrogen as fuel
Liquefied gases
Liquefied natural gas
Liquid nitrogen
Low temperature
low-temperature metals
Manganese steel
Manganese steels
Mechanical properties
Metal industry
Microstructure
Natural gas
Nickel
Room temperature
Temperature
Tensile strength
Twinning (Crystallography)
Yield stress
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Summary:To address global environmental concerns and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, countries worldwide are prioritizing the development of green, eco-friendly, and low-carbon energy sources. This emphasis has led to the growing importance of promoting clean energy industries like hydrogen energy and natural gas. These gases are typically stored and transported at cryogenic temperatures, making ultra-low temperature alloys indispensable as essential materials for the storage and transportation of liquid gas energy. With the temperature decreasing from room temperature (RT) to liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT), the dominant deformation mechanism in high-manganese steels undergoes a transformation from dislocation slip to deformation twinning, resulting in exceptional cryogenic mechanical properties. Consequently, high-manganese steel has emerged as an excellent material candidate for cryogenic applications. This report focuses on establishing the composition of high-manganese steel suitable for cryogenic applications and provides a comprehensive review of its microstructure and mechanical properties at both RT and LNT. Furthermore, it offers a prospective outlook on the future development of cryogenic high-manganese steels.
ISSN:2075-4701
2075-4701
DOI:10.3390/met13122007