Smart Urban Wind Power Forecasting: Integrating Weibull Distribution, Recurrent Neural Networks, and Numerical Weather Prediction

• Published in: Energies (Basel) 2023-09, Vol.16 (17), p.6208
• Main Authors: Shirzadi, Navid, Nasiri, Fuzhan, Menon, Ramanunni Parakkal, Monsalvete, Pilar, Kaifel, Anton, Eicker, Ursula
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accuracy; Alternative energy sources; Analysis; Artificial intelligence; Buildings and facilities; deep learning; Electric power production; Green technology; Neural networks; Numerical weather forecasting; numerical weather prediction; Renewable resources; smart cities; Statistical methods; Strategic planning; Time series; Weather; Weather forecasting; Weibull distribution; Wind power; wind power generation; wind speed forecasting
• ISSN: 1996-1073; 1996-1073
• DOI: 10.3390/en16176208

The design, operational planning, and integration of wind power plants with other renewables and the grid face challenges attributed to the intermittent nature of wind power generation. Addressing this issue necessitates the development of a smart wind power (and in particular wind speed) forecasting approach. This is a complex task due to substantial fluctuations in wind speed. To overcome the inherent stochastic nature of wind speed and mitigate related challenges, traditionally, numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are employed for wind speed forecasting. However, the applicability of NWP models is limited to short-term forecasting due to their computational constraints. In this study, a hybrid AI-based approach is proposed to improve forecast accuracy over a 48 h horizon for the city of Montreal. The results demonstrate that by integrating the probability distribution of wind speed with a deep learning model, the forecasted values align closely with the observed values in terms of seasonality and trend, exhibiting enhanced accuracy. Evaluation metrics reveal a substantial reduction in the root mean squared error (13–31%) across three prediction horizons (summer, fall, and winter) compared to a single long, short-term memory model. Furthermore, integrating the improved model with the numerical weather prediction model yields increased accuracy and decreased error compared to the LSTM–Weibull model.