Ultrastrong and multifunctional aerogels with hyperconnective network of composite polymeric nanofibers

• Published in: Nature communications 2022-07, Vol.13 (1), p.4242-8, Article 4242
• Main Authors: He, Huimin, Wei, Xi, Yang, Bin, Liu, Hongzhen, Sun, Mingze, Li, Yanran, Yan, Aixin, Tang, Chuyang Y., Lin, Yuan, Xu, Lizhi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 639/166/988; 639/301/357/537; 639/301/923/1028; Aerogels; Crosslinking; Design; Fabrication; Fibrils; Gels - chemistry; Humanities and Social Sciences; Manufacturability; Mechanical properties; Modulus of elasticity; multidisciplinary; Nanofibers; Nanofibers - chemistry; Networks; Polymers - chemistry; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Self-assembly; Structural design; Structural engineering; Technological change; Three dimensional composites
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31957-2

Three-dimensional (3D) microfibrillar network represents an important structural design for various natural tissues and synthetic aerogels. Despite extensive efforts, achieving high mechanical properties for synthetic 3D microfibrillar networks remains challenging. Here, we report ultrastrong polymeric aerogels involving self-assembled 3D networks of aramid nanofiber composites. The interactions between the nanoscale constituents lead to assembled networks with high nodal connectivity and strong crosslinking between fibrils. As revealed by theoretical simulations of 3D networks, these features at fibrillar joints may lead to an enhancement of macroscopic mechanical properties by orders of magnitude even with a constant level of solid content. Indeed, the polymeric aerogels achieved both high specific tensile modulus of ~625.3 MPa cm 3 g −1 and fracture energy of ~4700 J m −2 , which are advantageous for diverse structural applications. Furthermore, their simple processing techniques allow fabrication into various functional devices, such as wearable electronics, thermal stealth, and filtration membranes. The mechanistic insights and manufacturability provided by these robust microfibrillar aerogels may create further opportunities for materials design and technological innovation. Three-dimensional (3D) microfibrillar network represents an important structural design for various natural tissues and synthetic aerogels but achieving high mechanical properties for synthetic 3D microfibrillar networks remains challenging. Here, the authors report an ultrastrong polymeric aerogels involving self-assembled 3D networks of aramid nanofiber composites with high nodal connectivity.