Bilateral pulmonary embolism without deep venous thrombosis was observed after knee arthroscopy: a case report

• Published in: BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2021-04, Vol.22 (1), p.383-383, Article 383
• Main Authors: Li, Yuan, Chen, You-Xia, Deng, Xiang-Tian, Yang, Shun-Cheng, Su, Zhi-Yuan, Ao, Yu-Nong, Zhou, Peng, Deng, Fu-Yuan, Li, Zhong, Liu, Jun-Cai
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Angiography; Ankle; Anticoagulants; Arthroscopy; Arthroscopy - adverse effects; Asymptomatic; Blood clots; Case Report; Case reports; Case studies; Complications; Complications and side effects; Computed tomography; Embolism; Emergency medical care; Endoscopic surgery; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Joints; Knee; Knee arthroscopy; Lungs; Middle Aged; Musculoskeletal diseases; Orthopedics; Oxygen saturation; Patients; Physical therapy; Polypnea; Proteins; Pulmonary arteries; Pulmonary artery; Pulmonary embolism; Pulmonary Embolism - diagnostic imaging; Pulmonary Embolism - etiology; Pulmonary embolism treatment; Pulmonary embolisms; Risk Factors; Surgery; Thromboembolism; Thrombolysis; Thrombosis; Thrombus prevention; Ultrasonic imaging; Varicose veins; Venous Thromboembolism; Venous Thrombosis - diagnostic imaging; Venous Thrombosis - etiology
• ISSN: 1471-2474; 1471-2474
• DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04266-w

Symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) after knee arthroscopy is extremely rare. If the embolism is not treated promptly, the patient may die. Bilateral pulmonary embolism with associated pulmonary infarct without concomitant deep vein thrombosis has never been reported following routine knee arthroscopy. A 50-year-old female patient with no other risk factors other than hypertension, obesity, varicose veins in the ipsilateral lower extremities and elevated triglyceride (TG) presented to our ward. She had experienced sudden chest tightness, polypnea and fainting after going to the bathroom the morning of the second postoperative day and received emergency medical attention. Colour ultrasonography of the extremities showed no deep vein thrombosis. Lung computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed multiple embolisms scattered in both pulmonary artery branches. Thus, emergency interventional thrombolysis therapy was performed, followed by postoperative symptomatic treatment with drugs with thrombolytic, anticoagulant and protective activities. One week later, lung CTA showed a significant improvement in the PEs compared with those in the previous examination. Since the aetiology of PE and no obvious symptoms were discerned, the patient was discharged. Although knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive and quick procedure, the risk factors for PE in the perioperative period should be considered and fully evaluated to enhance PE detection. Moreover, a timely diagnosis and effective treatment are important measures to prevent and cure PE after knee arthroscopy. Finally, clear guidelines regarding VTE thromboprophylaxis following knee arthroscopy in patients with a low risk of VTE development are needed.