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Visual Monitoring Strategies of Sentinels in a Cooperative Breeder
Vigilance is important for early detection of threats. Previous studies have focused on the allocation of time to vigilance but neglected how animals monitor their surroundings during vigilance. Where animals look and how long each look lasts can affect the quality of visual monitoring and thus the...
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Published in: | Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-12, Vol.11 (12), p.1769 |
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description | Vigilance is important for early detection of threats. Previous studies have focused on the allocation of time to vigilance but neglected how animals monitor their surroundings during vigilance. Where animals look and how long each look lasts can affect the quality of visual monitoring and thus the ability to detect threats during vigilance. We examined visual monitoring strategies in the Florida scrub-jay (
), a cooperative breeder with sentinel behaviour. Sentinels in this species make head turns from vantage points to detect the arrival of predators and intruding neighbours. We found that sentinels initiated head turns at regular intervals and also returned their gaze to areas previously monitored at regular intervals, which is predicted when predators and intruders rely on surprise rather than stealth to approach. Sentinels made head turns in several directions, but often more frequently on one side of the body than the other, which was not predicted for regular vigilance. Average look duration during sentinel bouts was shorter in smaller groups and in juveniles. We argue that shorter looks are beneficial to increase visual coverage in more threatening situations. Our study highlights how visual monitoring strategies during vigilance reflect the risk posed by predators and intruders. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/biology11121769 |
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), a cooperative breeder with sentinel behaviour. Sentinels in this species make head turns from vantage points to detect the arrival of predators and intruding neighbours. We found that sentinels initiated head turns at regular intervals and also returned their gaze to areas previously monitored at regular intervals, which is predicted when predators and intruders rely on surprise rather than stealth to approach. Sentinels made head turns in several directions, but often more frequently on one side of the body than the other, which was not predicted for regular vigilance. Average look duration during sentinel bouts was shorter in smaller groups and in juveniles. We argue that shorter looks are beneficial to increase visual coverage in more threatening situations. Our study highlights how visual monitoring strategies during vigilance reflect the risk posed by predators and intruders.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2079-7737</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2079-7737</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/biology11121769</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36552280</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Animals ; bird ; Birds ; Camcorders ; Competition ; group size ; Juveniles ; log-normal distribution ; Normal distribution ; predation ; Predators ; Scrub ; sentinel behaviour ; Threats ; Vigilance</subject><ispartof>Biology (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-12, Vol.11 (12), p.1769</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c417t-77bbf8493c564299f0d2ee93d95ec08aad4a937560866d30d191892b49e614983</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c417t-77bbf8493c564299f0d2ee93d95ec08aad4a937560866d30d191892b49e614983</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3393-9562</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2756665029/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2756665029?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,25731,27901,27902,36989,36990,44566,53766,53768,75096</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36552280$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Beauchamp, Guy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bowman, Reed</creatorcontrib><title>Visual Monitoring Strategies of Sentinels in a Cooperative Breeder</title><title>Biology (Basel, Switzerland)</title><addtitle>Biology (Basel)</addtitle><description>Vigilance is important for early detection of threats. Previous studies have focused on the allocation of time to vigilance but neglected how animals monitor their surroundings during vigilance. Where animals look and how long each look lasts can affect the quality of visual monitoring and thus the ability to detect threats during vigilance. We examined visual monitoring strategies in the Florida scrub-jay (
), a cooperative breeder with sentinel behaviour. Sentinels in this species make head turns from vantage points to detect the arrival of predators and intruding neighbours. We found that sentinels initiated head turns at regular intervals and also returned their gaze to areas previously monitored at regular intervals, which is predicted when predators and intruders rely on surprise rather than stealth to approach. Sentinels made head turns in several directions, but often more frequently on one side of the body than the other, which was not predicted for regular vigilance. Average look duration during sentinel bouts was shorter in smaller groups and in juveniles. We argue that shorter looks are beneficial to increase visual coverage in more threatening situations. 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), a cooperative breeder with sentinel behaviour. Sentinels in this species make head turns from vantage points to detect the arrival of predators and intruding neighbours. We found that sentinels initiated head turns at regular intervals and also returned their gaze to areas previously monitored at regular intervals, which is predicted when predators and intruders rely on surprise rather than stealth to approach. Sentinels made head turns in several directions, but often more frequently on one side of the body than the other, which was not predicted for regular vigilance. Average look duration during sentinel bouts was shorter in smaller groups and in juveniles. We argue that shorter looks are beneficial to increase visual coverage in more threatening situations. Our study highlights how visual monitoring strategies during vigilance reflect the risk posed by predators and intruders.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>36552280</pmid><doi>10.3390/biology11121769</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3393-9562</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals bird Birds Camcorders Competition group size Juveniles log-normal distribution Normal distribution predation Predators Scrub sentinel behaviour Threats Vigilance |
title | Visual Monitoring Strategies of Sentinels in a Cooperative Breeder |
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