Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex dysfunction caused by a go/no-go task in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

• Published in: Frontiers in neuroscience 2023-03, Vol.17, p.1145485-1145485
• Main Authors: Wu, Ting, Liu, Xiaoli, Cheng, Fang, Wang, Shuai, Li, Chang, Zhou, Dongsheng, Zhang, Wenwu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); Children; Children & youth; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC); Executive function; functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS); Go/no-go discrimination learning; go/no-go task; Hemodynamics; Hemoglobin; Hyperactivity; Impulsivity; Infrared spectroscopy; Magnetic resonance imaging; Medical imaging; Neuroimaging; Neuroscience; Prefrontal cortex; Spectrum analysis
• ISSN: 1662-4548; 1662-453X; 1662-453X
• DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1145485

Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit executive function deficits, which can be attributed to a dysfunction in the prefrontal region of the brain. Our study aims to evaluate the alteration of brain activity in children with ADHD during the administration of a go/no-go task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in comparison to a control group containing typically developing (TD) children. 32 children with ADHD and 31 of their TD peers were recruited and asked to perform a go/no-go task while undergoing measurements, with the aim of detecting changes in average oxygenated hemoglobin signaling (Δavg oxy-Hb) fNIRS in the prefrontal lobe. fNIRS data showed significant differences between the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, with a lower Δavg oxy-Hb change in the ADHD group compared to the TD group. Our results indicate that brain dysfunction in children with ADHD is related to functional impairments in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The go/no-go task paired with fNIRS represents a useful measurement tool to assess prefrontal brain dysfunction in children struggling with ADHD.