Broadly Reactive SARS-CoV-2-Specific T-Cell Response and Participation of Memory B and T Cells in Patients with Omicron COVID-19 Infection

January 2022 onward, India witnessed a sudden increase in Omicron COVID-19 infections, having a mild course that prompted us to identify the key host factors/immune molecules modulating disease course/outcomes. The current study evaluated the percentages of lymphocyte subsets by flowcytometry, SARS-...

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Published in:Journal of immunology research 2023-10, Vol.2023, p.1-19
Main Authors: Yadav, Pragya D., Sahay, Rima R., Salwe, Sukeshani, Trimbake, Diptee, Babar, Prasad, Sapkal, Gajanan N., Deshpande, Gururaj R., Bhise, Kiran, Shete, Anita M., Abraham, Priya, Tripathy, Anuradha S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies
Asymptomatic
Blood & organ donations
CD8 antigen
Chemokines
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccines
Disease transmission
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Epidemiology
Health care
Immune response (cell-mediated)
Immunoglobulin G
Immunological memory
Immunology
Infections
Inflammation
Lymphocytes B
Lymphocytes T
Medical research
Memory cells
Mutation
Natural killer cells
Pandemics
Patients
Proteins
Public health
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccination
Viral infections
Viruses
γ-Interferon
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Bhise, Kiran
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Abraham, Priya
Tripathy, Anuradha S.
description January 2022 onward, India witnessed a sudden increase in Omicron COVID-19 infections, having a mild course that prompted us to identify the key host factors/immune molecules modulating disease course/outcomes. The current study evaluated the percentages of lymphocyte subsets by flowcytometry, SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell immune response by ELISPOT, estimation of plasma cytokine/chemokine levels on a Bio-plex Multiplex Immunoassay System and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 19 mild Omicron infected patients, 45 mild SARS-CoV-2 (2020) patients and 36 uninfected controls from India. Natural killer cells, B and memory B cells were high in vaccinated and total Omicron-infected patients groups compared to the mild SARS-CoV-2 (2020) patient group, while CD8+ T cells were high in total Omicron-infected patients group compared to the uninfected control group (p
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The current study evaluated the percentages of lymphocyte subsets by flowcytometry, SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell immune response by ELISPOT, estimation of plasma cytokine/chemokine levels on a Bio-plex Multiplex Immunoassay System and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 19 mild Omicron infected patients, 45 mild SARS-CoV-2 (2020) patients and 36 uninfected controls from India. Natural killer cells, B and memory B cells were high in vaccinated and total Omicron-infected patients groups compared to the mild SARS-CoV-2 (2020) patient group, while CD8+ T cells were high in total Omicron-infected patients group compared to the uninfected control group (p&lt;0.05 each). Omicron-infected patients had T-cell response against SARS-CoV-2 whole virus, S1 proteins (wild type and delta variant) in 10 out of 17 (59%), 10 out of 17 (59%), and 8 out of 17 (47%), respectively. The current study of Omicron-infected patients elucidates broadly reactive antibody, T-cell response, and participation of memory B and T cells induced by vaccination/natural infection. The limited effect of Omicron’s mutations on T-cell response is suggestive of protection from severity. Pro-inflammatory IL-6, IFN-γ, chemokines CCL-2, CCL-3, CCL-4, CCL-5, and IL-8 as potential biomarkers of Omicron infection may have future diagnostic importance. The cellular immune response data in Omicron-infected patients with parental Omicron lineage could serve as a starting point to define the readouts of protective immunity against circulating Omicron subvariants.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2314-8861</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2314-7156</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2023/8846953</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Hindawi</publisher><subject>Antibodies ; Asymptomatic ; Blood &amp; organ donations ; CD8 antigen ; Chemokines ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 vaccines ; Disease transmission ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Epidemiology ; Health care ; Immune response (cell-mediated) ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunological memory ; Immunology ; Infections ; Inflammation ; Lymphocytes B ; Lymphocytes T ; Medical research ; Memory cells ; Mutation ; Natural killer cells ; Pandemics ; Patients ; Proteins ; Public health ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Vaccination ; Viral infections ; Viruses ; γ-Interferon</subject><ispartof>Journal of immunology research, 2023-10, Vol.2023, p.1-19</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2023 Pragya D. Yadav et al.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2023 Pragya D. Yadav et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><rights>Copyright © 2023 Pragya D. 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subjects Antibodies
Asymptomatic
Blood & organ donations
CD8 antigen
Chemokines
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccines
Disease transmission
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Epidemiology
Health care
Immune response (cell-mediated)
Immunoglobulin G
Immunological memory
Immunology
Infections
Inflammation
Lymphocytes B
Lymphocytes T
Medical research
Memory cells
Mutation
Natural killer cells
Pandemics
Patients
Proteins
Public health
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccination
Viral infections
Viruses
γ-Interferon
title Broadly Reactive SARS-CoV-2-Specific T-Cell Response and Participation of Memory B and T Cells in Patients with Omicron COVID-19 Infection
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